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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2013 Dec 8;20(1):98–102. doi: 10.1038/nm.3415

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Metabolic model of liver acetate oxidative metabolism used to estimate hepatic TCA cycle flux (VTCA) and anaplerosis (VANA). Carbon positional enrichment denoted in red occurs during the initial incorporation of label from 1-13C-acetate to glutamate on the first turn of the TCA cycle. Positional enrichment denoted in blue occurs during the 2nd turn of the TCA cycle, with label originating from internal scrambling at succinate or from bicarbonate (HCO3−)/13CO2 via anaplerosis. A full description of the metabolic model can be found in the Online Methods section.