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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 5.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Sci Technol. 2013 Oct 10;47(21):12496–12504. doi: 10.1021/es403146c

Figure 5.

Figure 5

A. DTT consumption determined by measuring the concentration of the formation of 5-mercapto-2-nitrobenzoic acid using absorption at 412 nm and difference between the standard and sample. The data were collected at the initial (0) and end (45 min) timepoints and normalized to the quantity of particles (40 μg) in the incubation mixture. B. Both B20 and B0 particles elicited ROS formation in THP-1 cells. Intracellular ROS formation was measured after 1, 2 and 24 hours of particle exposure with the OxySelect ROS Assay. Comparisons were made between B20 and B0 with vehicle control (*P<0.05) or between the same concentrations of B20 and B0 († P<0.05). C. Protein oxidation detected with the OxyBLOT assay in protein extracted from lung tissue of mice exposed to B20 and B0. In the representative OxyBLOT (n= 3 mice/group), more multiple dark bands indicate more protein oxidation in B20. The bar graph summarizes data from 2 blots (*P<0.05 compared to control, n=6 per group). D. B20 up-regulated the Nrf2-GCLC pathway in the lung tissue. Right panel summarizes the Western blot results for GCLC expression in lungs (*P<0.05 compared to control); Left panel summarizes the Western blot results for Nrf2, which is consistent with rise in GCLC. E. A trend towards lower total glutathione levels in serum measured by the OxiSelect™ Total Glutathione (GSSG/GSH) Assay is consistent with the increase in GCLC and Nrf2.