Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with HIV-TB co-infection, by ART initiation category
| Characteristic | Total N=768 |
TB diagnosed while on ART N=191 |
Early ART N=238 |
Delayed ART N=280 |
ART not started N=59 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at TB diagnosis, median years (IQR) |
34 (29, 39) | 35 (30, 41) | 33.5 (29, 39) | 33 (29, 38.5) | 32 (30, 37) |
| Sex, male | 609 (79%) | 149 (78%) | 206 (86%) | 207 (74%) | 47 (80%) |
| Reported exposure route of HIV infection |
|||||
| Heterosexual contact | 530 (69%) | 129 (68%) | 163 (68%) | 197 (70%) | 41 (69%) |
| Homosexual contact | 67 (9%) | 27 (14%) | 18 (8%) | 18 (7%) | 4 (7%) |
| Injecting drug use | 128 (16%) | 24 (12%) | 43 (18%) | 51 (18%) | 10 (17%) |
| Other/unknown | 43 (6%) | 11 (6%) | 14 (6%) | 14 (5%) | 4 (7%) |
| Prior AIDS-defining diagnosis at TB diagnosis |
|||||
| No | 662 (86%) | 136 (71%) | 208 (87%) | 263 (94%) | 55 (93%) |
| Yes | 106 (14%) | 55 (29%) | 30 (13%) | 17 (6%) | 4 (7%) |
| Hepatitis B co-infection | |||||
| No | 465 (61%) | 106 (56%) | 136 (57%) | 188 (67%) | 35 (59%) |
| Yes | 46 (6%) | 10 (5%) | 15 (6%) | 20 (7%) | 1 (2%) |
| Not tested | 257 (33%) | 75 (39%) | 87 (37%) | 72 (26%) | 23 (39%) |
| Hepatitis C co-infection | |||||
| No | 303 (39%) | 72 (38%) | 92 (39%) | 123 (44%) | 16 (27%) |
| Yes | 116 (15%) | 27 (14%) | 32 (13%) | 51 (18%) | 6 (10%) |
| Not tested | 349 (46%) | 92 (48%) | 114 (48%) | 106 (38%) | 37 (63%) |
| CD4 T-cell count at TB diagnosis, median cells/µL (IQR) |
100 (40, 208) | 151 (50, 243) | 66 (28, 142) | 119 (48, 238) | 357 (125, 505) |
| HIV viral load at TB diagnosis, median copies/mL (IQR) |
81650 (499, 330000) |
707.5 (<400, 80027) |
206902 (42400, 4880000) |
170000 (11104, 552216) |
132518 (41135, 466718) |
| Initial ART | |||||
| NRTI+NNRTI | 615 (80%) | 145 (76%) | 213 (90%) | 257 (92%) | --- |
| NRTI+PI | 39 (5%) | 19 (10%) | 5 (2%) | 15 (5%) | --- |
| Other combination | 114 (15%) | 27 (14%) | 20 (8%) | 8 (3%) | --- |
| Type of TB | |||||
| Pulmonary | 321 (42%) | 84 (44%) | 91 (38%) | 125 (45%) | 21 (36%) |
| Extrapulmonary | 178 (23%) | 57 (30%) | 50 (21%) | 58 (21%) | 13 (22%) |
| Both | 74 (10%) | 15 (8%) | 25 (11%) | 30 (11%) | 4 (6%) |
| Unknown | 195 (25%) | 35 (18%) | 72 (30%) | 67 (24%) | 21 (36%) |
| Median days of total TB therapy (IQR) |
275 (186,427) | 256 (183, 379.5) |
275.5 (185, 411) |
303.5 (214, 534) |
190 (111, 281) |
| Median days between TB therapy and ART initiation (IQR) |
--- | Before TB therapy: 223 (51, 790) |
After TB therapy: 42 (17, 64) |
After TB therapy: 212 (137.5, 407.5) |
--- |
Data are frequencies and percentages in parentheses, unless otherwise indicated. TB, tuberculosis; ART, antiretroviral therapy; IQR, interquartile range; NRTIs, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor.