Table 3.
Clinical outcomes of patients with HIV-TB co-infection, by ART initiation category
| Outcome | Total N=768 |
TB diagnosed while on ART N=191 |
Early ART N=238 |
Delayed ART N=280 |
ART not started N=59 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TB treatment outcomes, N (%) | |||||
| Cured | 240 (31%) | 61 (32%) | 79 (33%) | 92 (33%) | 8 (14%) |
| Treatment completed | 435 (57%) | 99 (52%) | 137 (58%) | 171 (61%) | 28 (47%) |
| Treatment failure | 3 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 2 (3%) |
| Died during TB treatment | 21 (3%) | 10 (5%) | 3 (1%) | 1 (0%) | 7 (12%) |
| Defaulted | 29 (4%) | 8 (4%) | 7 (3%) | 6 (2%) | 8 (14%) |
| Transferred out | 9 (1%) | 4 (2%) | 2 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 1 (2%) |
| Current treatment without failure |
20 (3%) | 6 (3%) | 7 (3%) | 5 (2%) | 2 (3%) |
| Missing | 11 (1%) | 3 (2%) | 3 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 3 (5%) |
| Mortality | |||||
| Follow-up, person-years | 2973 | 611 | 896 | 1025 | 441 |
| Deaths | 70 | 23 | 19 | 15 | 13 |
| Rate per 100 person-years, 95% CI |
2.35 (1.86, 2.98) | 3.77 (2.50, 5.67) | 2.12 (1.35, 3.32) | 1.46 (0.88, 2.43) | 2.94 (1.71, 5.07) |
| New AIDS-defining illness, excluding TB |
|||||
| Follow-up, person years | 2531 | 533 | 777 | 824 | 395 |
| New AIDS cases | 138 | 27 | 33 | 24 | 54 |
| Rate per 100 person-years, 95% CI |
5.45 (4.62, 6.44) | 5.06 (3.47, 7.38) | 4.24 (3.02, 5.97) | 2.91 (1.95, 4.34) | 13.66 (10.46, 17.83) |
| AIDS-defining illness (excluding TB) or death |
|||||
| Follow-up, person-years | 2531 | 533 | 777 | 824 | 395 |
| New AIDS cases or death | 189 | 46 | 48 | 32 | 63 |
| Rate per 100 person-years, 95% CI |
7.47 (6.48, 8.61) | 8.62 (6.46, 11.51) |
6.17 (4.65, 8.19) | 3.88 (2.75, 5.49) | 15.93 (12.45, 20.40) |
| IRIS, N (%) | 34 (4%) | 8 (4%) | 14 (6%) | 11 (4%) | 1 (2%) |
| Immunological response at 12 months after ART initiation* |
|||||
| No | 167 (33%) | 52 (40%) | 49 (30%) | 66 (31%) | --- |
| Yes | 338 (67%) | 77 (60%) | 115 (70%) | 146 (69%) | --- |
| Incomplete information | 204 | 62 | 74 | 68 | --- |
| Virological response at 12 months after ART initiation** |
|||||
| Yes | 38 (18%) | 13 (25%) | 7 (12%) | 18 (17%) | --- |
| No | 178 (82%) | 40 (75%) | 50 (88%) | 88 (83%) | --- |
| Test not done | 493 | 138 | 181 | 174 | --- |
| Toxicities of TB therapy greater than grade 3 |
22 (3%) | 4 (2%) | 3 (1%) | 13 (5%) | 2 (3%) |
Data are frequencies and percentages in parentheses, unless otherwise indicated.
*
CD4 T-cell counts increase of 100 cells/µL from ART initiation up to 12 month visit (testing range: 6–18 months)
**
HIV viral load <500 copies/mL (6–18 months)
ART, antiretroviral therapy; TB, tuberculosis; IRIS, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.