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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Cancer Res. 2014 Jan 14;20(5):1366–1374. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-2442

Table 4.

Mixed-effects modeling: univariate and multivariate analysis of associations between changes in serum inflammatory markers and changes in severity of the 5 most-severe symptoms from day −18 pre-AuSCT to day +30 post-AuSCT (natural log scale)

Univariate models (327 observations)a Multivariate models (310 observations)b
Marker Estimatec SE Pr > |t| Marker Estimate SE Pr > |t|
Pain
 sTNF-RI 0.447 0.174 0.011 STNF-R1 0.488 0.167 0.004
 IL-10 0.182 0.054 0.0008 IL-10 0.162 0.062 0.010
 IL-6 0.154 0.053 0.004
 CRP 0.117 0.049 0.018
Fatigue
 SIL-1R2 −0.190 0.051 0.003
 SIL-6R −0.893 0.198 < 0.0001 SIL-6R −0.519 0.249 0.039
 IL-6 0.185 0.051 0.0003
 IL-10 0.110 0.053 0.037
 CRP 0.131 0.048 0.007
Baseline mood score 0.431 0.142 0.003
Disturbed sleep
 MIP-1α −0.387 0.104 0.0002 MIP-1α −0.387 0.104 0.0002
Lack of appetite
 CRP 0.142 0.065 0.029
 IL-6 0.166 0.069 0.017
 SIL-6R −0.533 0.261 0.042
Drowsiness
 IL-6 0.170 0.054 0.002 IL-6 0.147 0.056 0.009
 SIL-6R −0.538 0.209 0.011
Baseline mood score 0.269 0.116 0.021
Top 5 most-severe symptoms
 IL-6 0.156 0.037 < 0.0001 IL-6 0.196 0.059 0.001
 MIP-1α −0.155 0.063 0.014 MIP-1α −0.154 0.061 0.013
 SIL-6R −0.359 0.145 0.014
 SIL-1R2 −0.101 0.037 0.007
 IL-10 0.094 0.038 0.015
 CRP 0.087 0.035 0.012
Baseline mood score 0.264 0.089 0.003

Abbreviations: AuSCT, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant; SE, standard error of the mean.

a

For univariate models, each model presents the significance of the single inflammatory marker associated with the symptom outcome, as well as the estimate value, adjusted for quadratic time, age, gender, staging, BMI, baseline mood score, stem cell dose, and bortezomib-based induction regimen.

b

For multivariate models, each model presents the significance of inflammatory markers associated with the symptom outcome, as well as the estimate value, adjusted for other inflammatory markers from univariate analysis, quadratic time, age, gender, staging, BMI, baseline mood score, stem cell dose, and bortezomib-based induction regimen. The significant level of each model was set as 0.05/n (n, number of cytokines included in the model).

c

The estimate is a parameter estimated for a predictor. For natural log transformed independent variables, the estimate shows how the outcome changes when the predictor changes by any ratio. For example, the estimate of natural log IL-6 levels for the mean severity of the top 5 symptoms was 0.196, which meant that when the level of IL-6 doubled (or increased 100%), there was a corresponding 0.196*log2 = 0.14-unit increase in the mean symptom score.