Table 1.

Demographic, Medical, and Psychosocial Characteristics of Sample (N=59)

Characteristic	Usual Care N=30	Music N=29	p-value*
Age at Biopsy, years			0.70
Mean ± SD, [Range]	51.6 ± 13.8 [23–78]	50.2 ± 14.1 [22–78]
Sex			0.34
Female	16 (53)	19 (66)
Male	14 (47)	10 (34)
Marital/Partner status			0.36
Never married	2 (7)	5 (17)
Divorced/Separated/Widowed	6 (20)	7 (24)
Married/Partnered	22 (73)	17 (59)
Race			0.70
White	24 (80)	22 (76)
Black	6 (20)	7 (24)
Educational history			0.93
High school/GED or less	9 (30)	9 (31)
More than high school	21 (70)	20 (69)
Annual Family Income ($)			0.04
<$20,000	1 (3)	7 (24)
$20,000–<$50,000	9 (30)	7 (24)
$50,000 or more	15 (50)	9 (31)
Do not know	1 (3)	4 (14)
Employment Status			0.19
Employed full or part time	12 (40)	7 (24)
Other	18 (60)	22 (76)
Time from Diagnosis to Biopsy (yrs.)			0.43
Mean ± SD, [Range]	3.4 ± 3.4 [0.04–13.4]	3.0 ± 3.3 [0–11.2]
Perceived length of biopsy (minutes)			0.83
Mean ± SD, [Range]	18.1 ± 10.5 [6–60]	17.5 ± 9.47 [8–50]
Pre-procedure Medications			0.69
Yes	15 (50)	13 (45)
No	15 (50)	16 (55)
Previous No. bone marrow biopsies			0.06
Mean ± SD, [Range]	5.6 ± 5.9 [0–30]	3.9 ± 4.7 [0–16]
Location of previous biopsies			0.47
Wake Forest	11 (38)	12 (44)
Other	5 (17)	7 (26)
Both	13 (45)	8 (30)
Practitioner			0.98
1	10 (33)	10 (34)
2	10 (33)	10 (34)
3	10 (33)	9 (31)
Anticipated pain (VAS) (0–100)			0.92
Mean ± SD, [Range]	51.1 ± 23.8 [0–100]	51.7 ± 23.7 [5–90]
Baseline STAI state score (20–80)			0.84
Mean ± SD, [Range]	38.5 ± 12.5 [20–77]	37.9 ± 11.6 [20–68]

^*p-value from t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum for continuous variables or Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables