Table 1. Comparisons between Residents with and Without Toileting Disability.

	Total Sample			Toileting Disability			No Toileting Disability

Variable	n	%	M (SD)	n	%	M (SD)	n	%	M (SD)	p^a
Intra-Individual Factors
Age: 65-74 years	206	7		23	7		183	8		.85
75-84 years	635	27		95	27		540	28
≥ 85	1554	65		280	67		1274	65
Sex (Female)	1766	73		308	75		1458	73		.68
Race (White)	2249	94		371	94		1878	95		.62
Education: High school or less	1244	46		208	48		1036	45		.71
Some college or more	782	37		132	36		650	38
Don't know	363	17		57	16		306	17
Marital status: Married	263	12		35	11		228	12		.04
Divorced/legally separated	174	7		22	5		152	7
Widowed	1710	73		312	79		1398	72
Never married	219	8		24	4.9		195	9
Language (English speaking)	2342	99		386	98		1956	99		.16
Overall health rating: Excellent	150	6		6	1		144	7		< .0001
Very good	468	20		37	8		431	22
Good	925	39		111	28		814	41
Fair	687	29		179	48		508	25
Poor	162	6		64	16		98	5
Length of stay: ≤ 1 year	788	32		135	33		653	32		.43
1-5 years	1255	52		209	54		1046	52
> 5 years	351	15		53	13		298	16
Place admitted from: Hospital	240	9		42	11		198	9		< .001
Rehabilitation facility	219	10		56	15		163	9
Nursing home	271	10		60	14		211	9
None of the above	1614	71		235	60		1379	73
Part of services paid by Medicaid	351	12		54	12		297	12		.96
Extra-Individual Factors
Facility size: Small 4-10 beds	286	5		100	13		186	3		< .0001
Medium 11-25 beds	473	7		65	6		408	7
Large 26-100 beds	1082	52		169	51		913	52
Extra large over 100 beds	554	37		64	29		490	39
Facility profit status (for profit)	1605	68		310	80		1295	66		< .001
Has bathroom inside room/apartment	2107	95		324	90		1783	96		< .0001
Pathologies
Arthritis	806	32		147	36		659	31		.14
Cancer/malignant neoplasm	310	13		51	14		259	13		.63
Depression	550	21		109	29		441	20		< .001
Diabetes	443	18		76	19		367	17		.46
Eye disease	298	12		40	9		258	12		.08
Hypertension	1470	61		258	66		1221	61		.14
Heart disease	990	41		182	44		808	40		.25
Lung disease	431	17		85	20		346	17		.13
Stroke	252	10		69	16		183	9		< .001
Bowel incontinence	171	6		99	23		72	3		< .0001
Bladder incontinence	528	18		219	53		309	12		< .0001
Impairments
Visual (even when wearing glasses)	328	14		90	22		238	13		< .001
Hearing (severe)^b	419	16		70	16		349	16		.04
A little trouble hearing	726	30		146	37		580	29
Hearing is good	1247	54		182	47		1065	55
Physical impairment scale (range 0-6)			4.1 (1.4)			4.7 (1.1)			3.9 (1.4)	< .0001
Functional Limitations
Use a cane or walker	1724	71		327	82		1397	70		< .0001
Assistance in walking	1156	48		306	77		850	42		< .0001
Needs help leaving facility	1153	46		300	76		853	41		< .0001
BADL Disabilities
Bathing	1506	57		385	97		1121	50		< .0001
Dressing	809	32		350	89		459	21		< .0001
Transferring	263	10		201	50		62	3		< .0001
Toileting	398	15			N/A^c			N/A^c		N/A^c
IADL Disabilities (range 0-7)			3.1 (1.5)			3.7 (1.4)			2.9 (1.4)	< .0001

Note. N = 2395. Frequencies reported are raw numbers, but proportions are weighted.

p value is from univariable logistic regression. BADL = basic activities of daily living. IADL = instrumental activities of daily living. Toileting disability is the primary outcome in this analysis.

Severe hearing impairment reflects lot of trouble hearing or deaf without hearing aid.

Toileting disability is the outcome in this analysis.