Table 2.
| A. 18S rRNA Normalized, Log10 - Transformed Levels of mRNA in Urinary Cells. Levels of mRNA were measured with the use of preamplification enhanced real time quantitative PCR assays using gene specific oligonucleotide pairs and TaqMan probes. Median Copy Number (lower, upper quartiles) of each mRNA measure, normalized by 18s rRNA and log10-transformed are shown. Matched (urine collected minus 3 days to plus 1 day of biopsy) and quality control passed urine samples were included for those who underwent a biopsy, whereas all quality control passed urine samples collected longitudinally were included for the Stable (no biopsy) group. | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of mRNA |
Acute Cellular Rejection (N=43 samples 34 patients) |
No Rejection Group (N=163 samples 126 patients) |
Stable (No Biopsy) Group (N=1540 samples 201 patients) |
P Valuea | Borderline (N=19 samples 17 patients) |
Antibody Mediated Rej (N=10 samples 9 patients) |
Other (N=9 samples 8 patients) |
P Valueb ACR Vs. |
P-Valueb No Reject Vs. |
P Valueb Stable Vs. |
|
| CD3ε | 0.601 (−0.233, 0.995) |
−0.504 (−1.074, 0.247) |
−0.236 (−0.891, 0.341) |
<0.0001 | −0.024 (−0.703, 0.305) |
0.022 (−0.306, 0.385) |
−0.052 (−0.541, 0.429) |
No rejection Stable Borderline |
<0.0001 <0.0001 0.04 |
0.11 0.24 |
0.38 |
| Perforin | 0.289 (−0.160, 0.817) |
−0.689 (−1.215, 0.028) |
−0.688 (−1.279, −0.056) |
<0.0001 | −0.327 (−0.612, 0.087) |
−0.560 (−0.933, −0.164) |
−0.107 (−0.654, 0.287) |
No rejection Stable Borderline |
<0.0001 <0.0001 0.01 |
0.30 0.15 |
0.07 |
| Granzyme B | 0.261 (−0.222, 0.721) |
−0.523 (−0.910, 0.078) |
−0.430 (−1.039, 0.140) |
<0.0001 | −0.424 (−1.168, 0.368) |
−0.063 (−1.072, 0.380) |
0.354 (−0.662, 0.611) |
No rejection Stable Borderline |
<0.0001 <0.0001 0.01 |
0.80 0.95 |
0.94 |
| IP-10 | −0.114 (−0.655, 0.489) |
−1.029 (−1.534, −0.362) |
−0.874 (−1.424, −0.186) |
<0.0001 | −0.903 (−1.205, −0.531) |
−0.986 (−1.399, 0.150) |
0.314 (−0.028, 0.948) |
No rejection Stable Borderline |
<0.0001 <0.0001 0.002 |
0.09 0.61 |
0.91 |
| CXCR3 | 0.082 (−0.680, 0.338) |
−0.241 (−0.872, 0.259) |
−0.055 (−0.718, 0.455) |
0.06 | −0.458 (−0.932, 0.229) |
−0.419 (−1.186, 0.074) |
−0.289 (−1.340, 0.006) |
No rejection Stable Borderline |
0.10 0.66 0.21 |
0.02 0.66 |
0.21 |
| CD103 | −0.929 (−1.619, −0.517) |
−1.298 (−1.748, −0.830) |
−1.308 (−1.779, −0.848) |
0.13 | −1.145 (−1.948, −0.483) |
−1.184 (−2.040, −1.014) |
−1.369 (−1.534, −1.018) |
No rejection Stable Borderline |
0.05 0.05 0.59 |
0.96 0.70 |
0.72 |
| TGF-β1 | 0.928 (0.499, 1.181) |
0.756 (0.356, 1.113) |
0.837 (0.424, 1.242) |
0.11 | 0.584 (0.372, 1.341) |
1.088 (1.004, 1.288) |
0.709 (0.139, 0.830) |
No rejection Stable Borderline |
0.08 0.51 0.16 |
0.05 0.55 |
0.28 |
| PI-9 | 0.604 (0.155, 0.782) |
0.383 (−0.105, 0.816) |
0.445 (−0.137, 0.962) |
0.37 | 0.239 (−0.104, 0.681) |
0.787 (0.714, 0.984) |
0.438 (0.332, 0.907) |
No rejection Stable Borderline |
0.14 0.42 0.18 |
0.28 0.75 |
0.49 |
| 18S rRNA | 3.365 (2.798, 3.740) |
2.857 (2.427, 3.276) |
2.951 (2.491, 3.339) |
0.0002 | 2.994 (2.370, 3.442) |
3.145 (2.919, 3.221) |
3.310 (2.791, 3.326) |
No rejection Stable Borderline |
0.0001 0.0001 0.04 |
0.16 0.47 |
0.83 |
| B. Absolute Levels of mRNA in Urinary Cells. Median absolute copy number (lower, upper quartiles) of each mRNA measure, without 18S rRNA normalization and without log-transformation and median absolute copy number (lower, upper quartiles) of 18S rRNA (×10−6) without log-transformation are shown. Matched (urine collected minus 3 days to plus 1 day of biopsy) and quality control passed urine samples were included for those who underwent a biopsy, whereas all quality control passed urine samples collected longitudinally were included for the Stable (no biopsy) group. | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of mRNA |
Acute Cellular Rejection (N=43 samples 34 patients) |
No Rejection Group (N=163 samples 126 patients) |
Stable (No Biopsy) Group (N=1540 samples 201 patients) |
P Valuea | Borderline (N=19 samples 17 patients) |
Antibody Mediated Rej (N=10 samples 9 patients) |
Other (N=9 samples 8 patients) |
P Valueb ACR Vs. |
P-Valueb No Reject Vs. |
P Valueb Stable Vs. |
|
| CD3ε | 8826 (2253, 21790) |
356 (13, 1812) |
497 (102, 2431) |
<0.0001 | 944 (81, 4388) |
943 (240, 2138) |
3192 (536, 4713) |
No rejection Stable Borderline |
<0.0001 <0.0001 0.001 |
0.06 0.23 |
0.51 |
| Perforin | 4119 (1093, 11148) |
223 (13, 1208) |
201 (13, 985) |
<0.0001 | 398 (192, 1564) |
273 (153, 1646) |
1595 (470, 2900) |
No rejection Stable Borderline |
<0.0001 <0.0001 0.0003 |
0.72 0.20 |
0.13 |
| Granzyme B | 3304 (743, 11571) |
337 (64, 1332) |
342 (63, 1663) |
<0.0001 | 614 (13, 1944) |
1123 (60, 2578) |
4605 (110, 10574) |
No rejection Stable Borderline |
<0.0001 <0.0001 0.0009 |
0.60 0.72 |
0.87 |
| IP-10 | 1445 (236, 7362) |
75 (13, 382) |
130 (13, 683) |
<0.0001 | 196 (13, 798) |
76 (13, 2104) |
4203 (859, 15162) |
No rejection Stable Borderline |
<0.0001 <0.0001 0.0003 |
0.02 0.43 |
0.94 |
| CXCR3 | 2122 (618, 6348) |
393 (123, 1616) |
770 (180, 2899) |
<0.0001 | 325 (60, 1782) |
203 (67, 2472) |
664 (68, 1837) |
No rejection Stable Borderline |
<0.0001 0.001 0.01 |
0.003 0.78 |
0.22 |
| CD103 | 234 (63, 596) |
13 (13, 135) |
13 (13, 162) |
<0.0001 | 13 (13, 272) |
13 (13, 161) |
59 (13, 236) |
No rejection Stable Borderline |
<0.0001 <0.0001 0.04 |
0.35 0.35 |
0.56 |
| TGF-β1 | 15142 (5187, 57855) |
4589 (896, 14668) |
5838 (1544, 21690) |
0.0001 | 5022 (992, 22670) |
15439 (8379, 28928) |
3169 (1510, 14065) |
No rejection Stable Borderline |
<0.0001 0.0002 0.01 |
0.05 0.72 |
0.73 |
| PI-9 | 9782 (1680, 28890) |
1756 (335, 9000) |
2153 (409, 11798) |
0.002 | 2180 (765, 9355) |
7527 (4389, 14564) |
5586 (1329, 6358) |
No rejection Stable Borderline |
0.0002 0.001 0.05 |
0.22 0.64 |
0.99 |
| 18S rRNA | 2320 (628, 5500) |
720 (267, 1866) |
894 (310, 2180) |
0.0002 | 985 (234, 2770) |
1398 (830, 1664) |
2040 (619, 2120) |
No rejection Stable Borderline |
0.0001 0.0001 0.04 |
0.16 0.47 |
0.83 |
a
P values calculated using Kruskal-Wallis test of no differences among the Acute Cellular Rejection biopsy group, No Rejection biopsy group and Stable (no biopsy) group.
b
P values calculated using Mann-Whitney test of no difference between two groups.