(A) Mn K-edge shift of PS II crystals as a function of the X-ray dose at 13.3 keV (0.933 Å) and 100 K (top) and the difference spectra (below). The spectrum at the highest inflection point energy (IPE) is from an undamaged PS II crystal. (B) Similar trend in the XANES (top) and the difference spectra (below) as seen for PS II solutions. (C) Changes in the XANES spectra from an intact PS II sample as a function of the addition of 10% increments of the XANES spectrum of aqueous Mn(II) (top) and the corresponding difference spectra (below) (light-blue to black lines). The similarity between the difference spectra in A–C is striking, showing the photoreduction of Mn(III2,IV2) in native PS II to Mn(II). (D) Comparison of Mn K-edge spectra from two tetranuclear complexes, [Mn4O3(OAc)4(dbm)3]104,105 and [(Mn2O2)2(tphpn)2](ClO4)4,106,107 in oxidation states Mn4(III3,IV), Mn4(III2,IV2), and Mn(II) in aqueous solution. The K-edge spectra from the complexes in higher oxidation states are similar to that from an intact PS II sample. The figure was adapted from Yano et al.23