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Fluorescence image of Heck reaction: −2.4 V, time on 0.5 s, time off 0.1 s, allyl methyl carbonate confined. Lower right: methyl acrylate substrate for 6 min, a blank with no fluorescence for comparison. Upper right: 1-pyrenemethyl acrylate, reaction running for 3 min. Lower left: 1-pyrenemethyl acrylate, reaction running for 6 min. Upper left: 1-pyrenemethyl acrylate, reaction running for 12 min.
