Table 4.

Summary of brain volume meta-analyses in schizophrenia involving progression of illness or medication exposure

Study goal	Author (year)a	Sample sizeb	Patient status	Contrast	Finding
Illness progression	Woods (2005)	982	FES and Chronic	HC vs. SZ	WB volume reduced
	Steen (2006)	1424	FES	HC vs. FES	WB volume reduced and ventricular volume is increased
	Ellison-Wright (2008)	1556	FES and Chronic	HC vs. SZ	Bilateral reductions in caudate GM present in FES but not chronic SZ
	Glahn (2008)	1195	FES and Chronic	HC vs. SZ	Increased GM density in striatal regions
	Fornito (2009)	1646	FES and Chronic	HC vs. SZ	Reduced GM volume and concentration in frontal, temporal, thalamic and striatal regions
	Bora (2011)	1999	Chronic and FES	HC vs. SZ	Chronic illness associated with more severe GM abnormalities
	Chan (2011)	466	FES	HC vs. FES	Lower GM volume
		808	Chronic	Chronic vs. FES	More extensive GM volume reductions than FES group
	Olabi (2011)	928	Chronic and FES	HC vs. SZ	SZ show significantly greater reductions in WB volume and WB GM volume over time
	De Peri (2012)	45 studies	FES	FES vs. HC	Significant overall reduction in WB total GM
	Haijma (2012)	8327	Chronic and FES	HC vs. SZ	Larger GM reductions were associated with longer duration of illness
	Vita (2012)	813	Chronic and FES	HC vs. SZ	FES have more significant pattern of progressive loss of WB GM volume than Chronic SZ. GM volume modulated by percentage of patients taking atypical APDs
Medication exposure	Navari (2009)	33 Studies	NN and NT	NT vs. HC or NN	Antipsychotics, specifically typical, cause increased volume of structures within the basal ganglia in the NT group
		8327	Medicated	HC vs. medicated	Total brain volume of grey matter structures were significantly decreased
	Leung (2011)	162	NN-FES	HC vs. NN-FES	SZ showed GM deficits in subcortical regions including the striatum
		336	NT-FES	NN-FES vs. NT-FES	NT SZ showed GM deficits in caudate, cingulate, and inferior TL
	Haijma (2013)	771	NN	NN vs. HC and NT	NN had more pronounced volume reductions in the caudate nucleus and thalamus than HC or NT
	Ebdrup (2013)	13 studies	Medicated	Baseline vs. after medication	No studies found that specific FGAs induce basal ganglia volume increases. SGA therapy associated with volumetric increases and decreases in basal ganglia.

Abbreviations: APD, antipsychotic; FES, first episode schizophrenia; FGA, first generation antipsychotic; GM, grey matter; HC, healthy controls; NN, neuroleptic naïve; NT, neuroleptic treated; SGA, second generation antipsychotic; STG, superior temporal gyrus; SZ, schizophrenia; TL, temporal lobe; WB, whole brain;

^aArticles are listed in the references section

^bSome of the articles only reported their total number of studies and not sample size.