Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population and control subjects
| Study population (n = 364) | Control (n = 93) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Characteristics
|
Mean (± SD)
|
Mean (± SD)
|
|
|
Age (years) |
66.2 ± 10.2 |
65.3 ± 7.1 |
0.417 |
|
Male,
n
(%) |
233 (64%) |
49 (53%) |
0.056 |
|
BMI (kg/m2) |
24.99 ± 3.30 |
23.80 ± 3.40 |
0.002* |
|
Waist-to-hip ratio |
0.93 ± 0.06 |
0.91 ± 0.08 |
<0.001* |
|
Ischemic stroke,
n
(%) |
49 (13.46) |
---- |
<0.001* |
|
Coronary artery disease,
n
(%) |
224 (61.54) |
---- |
<0.001* |
|
Diabetes mellitus,
n
(%) |
200 (54.95) |
---- |
<0.001* |
|
Hypertension,
n
(%) |
232 (63.74) |
22 (23.66) |
<0.001* |
|
Hyperlipidaemia,
n
(%) |
232 (63.74) |
30 (32.26) |
<0.001* |
|
Smokers,
n
(%) |
165 (45.33) |
14 (15.05) |
<0.001* |
|
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
141.00 ± 19.85 |
127.82 ± 18.04 |
<0.001* |
|
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
79.16 ± 9.19 |
75.06 ± 9.32 |
<0.001* |
|
Total serum cholesterol (mmol/L) |
4.50 ± 0.89 |
5.12 ± 0.83 |
<0.001* |
|
Serum HDL-C (mmol/L) |
1.28 ± 0.34 |
1.48 ± 0.40 |
<0.001* |
|
Serum LDL-C (mmol/L) |
2.56 ± 0.72 |
3.05 ± 0.76 |
<0.001* |
|
Serum triacylglycerol (mmol/L) |
1.49 ± 0.97 |
1.34 ± 0.74 |
0.167 |
|
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) |
6.36 ± 2.07 |
5.16 ± 0.60 |
<0.001* |
|
HbA1c (%) |
7.05 ± 1.48 |
6.63 ± 5.33 |
0.192 |
|
Medications |
|
|
|
|
Beta-blocker,
n
(%) |
184 (50.55) |
6 (6.5) |
<0.001* |
|
ACEI/ARB,
n
(%) |
36 (9.9) |
----- |
<0.001* |
|
Statin,
n
(%) |
226 (62.09) |
3 (3.2) |
<0.001* |
| PWV (cm/s) | 1102.17 ± 144.54 | 1079.48 ± 135.09 | 0.172 |
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; PWV, pulse wave velocity.; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
*p-value <0.05.