Arterial diameter, length, and tortuosity index at multiple locations in the circle of Willis 5 days and 6 months after bilateral carotid ligation. (A) Diameters of most major vessels increased significantly by 5 days and all increased significantly by 6 months. (B) Lengths of vessel segments in the posterior circulation increased at 5 days and 6 months. (C) The tortuosity index increased significantly on the distal P1 segment of the posterior cerebral artery and the posterior communicating artery. (*P<0.05 compared against sham. †P<0.05 compared against 5-day). BA, basilar artery; ICA, internal carotid artery; PCom, posterior communicating artery.