Table 2.

Cluster of charged residues at the junction between transmembrane and cytosolic domains in signaling proteins, channels, and transporters

Protein	Protein organization	Organism	Source
DesK	N-TM 5-KSRKERERLEEK—C	Bacillus	This work
KdpD	N-TM 4-EYLHRKSME—C	E. coli	(15)
OpuA	N-TM 7-EKEEENK—C	L. lactis	(16, 17)
TREK-1	N-TM 4-KKTKEE—C	Mammals	(18)
TREK-2	N-TM 4-KKTKEE—C	Mammals	(19)
MscL	N-TM 2-RKKEE—C	E. coli	(20)
Osm-9	N-TM 6-EERSESK—C	C. elegans	(21)
TRPA1	N-TM 6-DRFKKE—C	Mammals	(22)
TRPV4	N-TM 6-RLRRDR—C	Mammals	(23)

C, cytosolic domain; C. elegans, Caenorhabditis elegans; L. lactis, Lactococcus lactis; N, N-terminal domain; TM, transmembrane domain.