Table 2. Selected Placental Findings for Singleton Pregnancies, Stillbirth Compared With Live Birth.
| CHARACTERISTICS | Stillbirth nw=518 % | Live Birth nw=966 % | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS | ||||
|
| ||||
| Umbilical Cord | ||||
|
| ||||
| Single umbilical artery | 7.7 | 1.7 | 4.80 (2.67, 8.62) | <.001 |
|
| ||||
| Velamentous insertion* | 5.0 | 1.1 | 4.50 (2.18, 9.27) | <.001 |
|
| ||||
| Furcate insertion* | 1.8 | 3.6 | 0.50 (0.23, 1.11) | 0.089 |
|
| ||||
| Placental Membranes | ||||
|
| ||||
| Circummarginate insertion† | 12.2 | 10.6 | 1.16 (0.83, 1.63) | 0.375 |
|
| ||||
| Circumvallate insertion† | 2.4 | 1.4 | 1.77 (0.81, 3.85) | 0.152 |
|
| ||||
| Fetal Villous Capillaries | ||||
|
| ||||
| Terminal villous immaturity (diffuse) | 10.3 | 2.3 | 4.95 (2.95, 8.29) | <.001 |
|
| ||||
| Terminal villous hypoplasia (diffuse) | 3.3 | 1.8 | 1.83 (0.87, 3.86) | 0.111 |
|
| ||||
| INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS | ||||
|
| ||||
| Maternal Inflammatory Response | ||||
|
| ||||
| Acute chorioamnionitis – placental membranes | 30.4 | 12.0 | 3.20 (2.39, 4.28) | <.001 |
|
| ||||
| Acute chorioamnionitis – chorionic plate | 23.2 | 11.9 | 2.24 (1.65, 3.04) | <.001 |
|
| ||||
| Fetal Inflammatory Response | ||||
|
| ||||
| Acute funisitis | 9.5 | 3.3 | 3.09 (1.94, 4.93) | <.001 |
|
| ||||
| Acute umbilical cord arteritis (one or more arteries) | 3.3 | 1.9 | 1.81 (0.90, 3.63) | 0.096 |
|
| ||||
| Acute umbilical cord phlebitis | 4.9 | 3.1 | 1.61 (0.92, 2.83) | 0.093 |
|
| ||||
| Chorionic plate acute vasculitis | 7.9 | 5.2 | 1.56 (1.00, 2.44) | 0.05 |
|
| ||||
| Chorionic plate vascular degenerative changes | 5.7 | 0.5 | 13.06 (4.68, 36.42) | <.001 |
|
| ||||
| Villitis | ||||
|
| ||||
| Acute diffuse villitis | 0.7 | 0.1 | 5.55 (0.68, 45.17) | 0.109 |
|
| ||||
| Chronic diffuse villitis | 1.6 | 0.5 | 3.24 (1.06, 9.87) | 0.04 |
|
| ||||
| CIRCULATORY DISORDERS | ||||
|
| ||||
| Maternal Circulatory Disorders | ||||
|
| ||||
| Retroplacental hematoma | 23.8 | 4.2 | 7.08 (4.83, 10.38) | <.001 |
|
| ||||
| Parenchymal infarction‡ | ||||
| Focal | 13.9 | 11.3 | 1.44 (1.04, 2.00) | <.001 |
| Multifocal | 10.9 | 4.4 | 2.89 (1.92, 4.35) | |
| Diffuse | 2.8 | 0.1 | 42.76 (5.57, 327.97) | |
|
| ||||
| Intraparenchymal thrombus | 19.7 | 13.3 | 1.60 (1.20, 2.13) | 0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Perivillous/intervillous fibrin/fibrinoid deposition (diffuse) | 9.2 | 1.5 | 6.69 (3.65, 12.27) | <.001 |
|
| ||||
| Fetal Circulatory Disorders | ||||
|
| ||||
| Fetal vascular thrombi in the chorionic plate | 23.0 | 7.0 | 3.99 (2.84, 5.61) | <.001 |
|
| ||||
| Avascular villi§ | ||||
| Focal | 7.6 | 4.9 | 1.78 (1.16, 2.73) | <.001 |
| Multifocal | 7.6 | 2.0 | 4.28 (2.53, 7.21) | |
| Diffuse | 4.0 | 0.0 | not defined* | |
|
| ||||
| Edema (Placental Hydrops) | 6.4 | 1.0 | 6.56 (3.35, 12.85) | <.001 |
nw = weighted sample size; CI, confidence interval.
*
Includes umbilical cords with both velamentous and furcate insertion (stillbirths, 0.4%; live births, 0.1%).
†
Includes membranes with both circummarginate and circumvallate insertion (stillbirths, 0.6%; live births, 0.5%).
‡
Reference group is no parenchymal infarction.
§
Reference group is no avascular villi.