Table 1.
Modulator | Effect on PEPT1 | Kind of modulation | References |
---|---|---|---|
Amino acids leucine and phenylalanine | Control of pept1 promoter activity via the AARE in rats | Transcriptional | Shiraga et al. (2006a) |
Transcription factor SP1 | Binds to the PEPT1 promoter and modulates the basal pept1 transcription | Transcriptional | Shimakura et al. (1998) |
Transcription factor Cdx2 | Modulates pept1 transcription in concert with SP1 and with butyrate in mammals | Transcriptional | Shimakura et al. (2005b) Dalmasso et al. (2002) |
Transcription factor DAF-16 | Represses pept1 transcription in Caenorhabditis elegans | Transcriptional | Meissner et al. (2012) |
Peptidase inhibitors amastatin and bestatin | Decrease intracellular peptide hydrolysis and reduce pept1 function in C. elegans | Functional | Benner et al. (1973) |
RNA interference of intracellular peptidases | Reduced protein expression and function of PEPT1 in Caco-2 cells and C. elegans | Translational, functional | Benner et al. (1973) |
Sodium–proton exchanger NHE3/NHX-2 | Proton export is necessary for correct function of PEPT1 in mammalian cells and in C. elegans | Functional interaction via proton gradient (protein–protein interaction not yet proven) | Kennedy et al. (2010) Watanabe et al. (2005) Pieri et al. (2006) Benner et al. (1973) |
Scaffold protein PDZK1 | Interacts with mouse PEPT1, trafficking to and anchoring in the plasma membrane | Direct protein–protein interaction | Sugiura et al. (1999) |
AARE, amino acid responsive element; PDZ, PSD95-disc large-ZO1.