Figure 1. Biological and bioinspired pressure generation and actuation.
A. Generation of turgor pressure due to an osmotic gradient across the semi-permeable cell membrane of a plant. Blue circles represent water molecules; red circles represent solute molecules. B. The nastic motion of mimosa pudica. Adapted from Dumais and Forterre, 2012 [52]. C. Prototype pressure generator consisting of a restrained dialysis cassette filled with working fluid used in this work. D. Schematic of the pressure generator being used to actuate a soft robotic gripper.