Table 6. Comparison of hospitalized acute Q fever pneumonia patients (n = 154) with patients admitted with a community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) (n = 254) and with CAP patients with bacterial aetiology other than C. burnetii (n = 104).
| Q fever pneumonia (n = 154) | Community-acquired pneumonia (n = 254) | p-value | Bacterial pneumonia (n = 104) | p-value | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Male | 98 (63.6) | 155 (61.0) | 0.598a | 68 (65.4) | 0.774a |
| Median age [IQR] (years) | 56 [42–65] | 68 [54–76] | <0.001b | 67 [55–76] | <0.001b |
| <40 years | 34 (22.1) | 25 (9.8) | 11 (10.6) | ||
| 40–59 years | 61 (39.6) | 59 (23.2) | 21 (20.2) | ||
| 60–79 years | 49 (31.8) | 127 (50.0) | 55 (52.9) | ||
| ≥80 years | 10 (6.5) | 43 (16.9) | 17 (16.3) | ||
| Smokerc | 71 (48.3) | 62 (31.3) | 0.001a | 31 (38.8) | 0.167a |
| Median duration of admission [IQR] (days)d | 5 3–7 | 8 5–13 | <0.001b | 8 6–14 | <0.001b |
| Median duration between onset of illness and admission [IQR] (days)e | 4 3–7 | 4 1–7 | 0.325b | 4 2–7 | 0.522b |
| Medical history | |||||
| COPDf | 16 (10.4) | 83 (38.1) | <0.001a | 41 (47.7) | <0.001a |
| Malignancyg | 13 (8.4) | 21 (9.4) | 0.745a | 12 (13.2) | 0.236a |
| PSI score h , i | <0.001j | <0.001j | |||
| I | 56 (36.4) | 33 (14.7) | 8 (8.8) | ||
| II | 45 (29.2) | 43 (19.1) | 22 (24.2) | ||
| III | 26 (16.9) | 50 (22.2) | 24 (26.4) | ||
| IV | 26 (16.9) | 76 (33.8) | 26 (28.6) | ||
| V | 1 (0.6) | 23 (10.2) | 11 (12.1) | ||
| Median score [IQR]i | 58 [41–83] | 88 [65–111] | <0.001b | 86 [68–116] | <0.001b |
| CURB-65 score k , l | <0.001j | <0.001j | |||
| 0 | 86 (55.8) | 48 (21.1) | 17 (18.5) | ||
| 1 | 34 (22.1) | 46 (20.3) | 19 (20.7) | ||
| 2 | 26 (16.9) | 79 (34.8) | 34 (37.0) | ||
| 3 | 5 (3.2) | 44 (19.4) | 20 (21.7) | ||
| 4 | 3 (1.9) | 9 (4.0) | 2 (2.2) | ||
| 5 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Severe pneumonial , m | 45 (29.2) | 145 (63.9) | <0.001a | 61 (66.3) | <0.001a |
IQR: interquartile range; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Chi-square test.
Mann-Whitney U test.
Information missing or unknown for seven Q fever pneumonia patients, 56 CAP patients and 24 bacterial pneumonia patients.
Three CAP patients who died on the same day as visiting the emergency department not included, two patients not included in the bacterial pneumonia group.
Information missing for three Q fever pneumonia patients, 46 CAP patients and 19 bacterial pneumonia patients.
Information missing or unknown for 36 CAP patients and 18 bacterial pneumonia patients.
Information missing or unknown for 31 CAP patients and 13 bacterial pneumonia patients.
Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI): risk class: I–III = low; IV = moderate; V = severe.
Information missing for 29 CAP patients and 13 bacterial pneumonia patients.
Chi-square test for trend.
Confusion, blood Urea nitrogen, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, age≥65 (CURB-65) score: 0–1 = mild pneumonia; 2 = moderate pneumonia; 3–5 = severe pneumonia.
Information missing for 27 CAP patients and 12 bacterial pneumonia patients.
Severe pneumonia is defined as PSI risk class ≥IV and/or CURB-score ≥2.