Suppression of KCNQ currents by methacholine (MeCh) in rat ASMCs and their restoration by the KCNQ channel activator retigabine. A: representative time course of KCNQ current inhibition during treatment of an ASMC (C = 20.0 pF) with MeCh (230 nM for 20 min), recorded in an ASMC at −20 mV holding voltage. After 10 min of MeCh treatment, the time course recording was interrupted for 10 min for measurement of the steady-state I–V relationship (time break indicated by vertical gray lines). Then, after an additional 1-min recording at −20 mV holding voltage, retigabine (10 μM) was applied in the presence of MeCh for 5 min. The time course recording was interrupted again for 10 min for measurement of the steady-state I–V relationship, and after an additional 1-min time course recording, XE991 (1 μM) was applied in the presence of MeCh and retigabine for 10 min. B: I–V relationships of KCNQ currents recorded in ASMCs before (control, filled circles, n = 7), during treatment with 230 nM MeCh (open circles, n = 7), in the presence of retigabine (10 μM) applied with 230 nM MeCh (open triangles, n = 7), and in the presence of XE991 (1 μM, filled triangles, n = 7). *Significant difference from control (one-way repeated-measures ANOVA, P < 0.05).