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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA Psychiatry. 2014 Mar 1;71(3):319–325. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.4174

Table 4.

Population attributable fraction (PAF) of serious transport accidents in male ADHD patients.

P(E) HR0 HRa PAF
The proportion of transport accidents attributable to off medication among ADHD patients 80%a 1.41b 2.38b 49%
63%c 1.41 2.38 41%

Abbreviation: P(E): proportion of exposed in the population; HR0=unadjusted Hazard ratio; HRa=adjusted Hazard ratio. PAF was calculated as {1+HR0-11-Pr(E)Pr(E)}-1(1-HRa-1), see eMethods for details.

a

Among male ADHD patients, 80% were off medication on average during the follow-up.

b

for protective effect, reciprocals of HR0 and HRa were used to calculate the PAF of not being exposed to the protective factor (i.e., 1.41=1/0.71, and 2.38=1/0.42).

c

Among male ADHD patients, 63% were off medication at the end of follow-up.