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. 2014 Apr 19;369(1640):20130243. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0243

Table 1.

The effects of LEDs on plants' growth parameters and metabolism compared with conventional lights: selected examples. HPS, high-pressure sodium; CFL, compact fluorescent light; PPFD, photosynthetic photon flux density; DW, dry weight; FW, fresh weight.

taxa parameter LEDs value (bold)/wavelength (nm)/intensity (PPFD) conventional (HPS, CFL) value (bold)/type/intensity (PPFD) references
Lactuca sativa var. capital dry mass (gmol−1 m−2) wet mass (gmol−1 m−2) 0.45/650/319 7.21 0.46/HPS, Na/642 8.18 [8]
Raphanus sativus var. Saxa productivity (gcm−2 day−1) 0.14/455 + 640 + 660 + 735/9 + 120 + 9.4 + 3 0.9/HPS/250 [19]
Cucumis sativus L. ‘Bodega’
Lycopersicon esculentum ‘trust’		 fruit FW (g)
DW (g)
fruit DW (g)
plant DW (g)		 976/HPS + 445/400 + 16
47.5
54.8
113 		735/HPS, Na/510
34
39.15
136 		[20]
Dendranthema grandiflorum Kitam ‘Cheonsu’
plantlets		 plantlet growth:

FW (mg per plantlet)
net photosynthesis (Pn, μmol CO2 m−2 s−1)		 /440;650;440 + 650;
650 + 720/50
361;446;750;498
0.75;1.95;4.6;2.2 		/CFL/50

713
3.4 		[21]
Lactuca sativa cv. Grand rapids


Petroselinum crispum cv. Moss curled

Majorana hortensis Moench. 		metabolite (mg g−1 FW):
carbohydrates
nitrates
C vit (mg %)
carbohydrates
nitrates
C vit
carbohydrates
nitrates
C vit		 /640; 455 + 640 + 735/200
8;10
0.8;1.0
7;5
42.5;23
non-evaluable
145;140
13;12
0.6;0,5
19;19 		/HPS, Son-T Agro/200
2
1.4
10
35
non-evaluable
130
8
1.25
20		 [22]
Brassica oleracea
cv. ‘Winterbor’
lutein (mg 100 g–1 FM)
glucosinolate
(mg 100 g–1 DM)		 /730;640;525;440;400/253,
6.9;11.2;7.8;9.8;8.1
21.7;32.0;0.8;ND;ND 		not used [23]
Petunia hybrid cv. Mitchell diploid



Fragaria x ananassa cv. Strawberry festival		 volatile molecules
(nmol kg−1):
benzylalcohol
2-phenylethanol
phenylacetaldehyde

methyl butyrate
ethyl caproate		 /660;755/50

0.23;0.2
0.25;0.17
4.5;4.0
/455;660;755/50
1.8;2.1;3.0
ND;0.5;0.2 		CFL/50

0.015;
0.02;
2;

1.8;
1.9 		[24]
Panax ginseng metabolites phenolic acids (μg g−1 DW):
vanilic acid
coumaric acid
ferulic acid		 /465;630/24

41;27
314;186
586;313 		CFL/24

0.33
76
319 		[25]
Mentha  sp.
M. spicata
M. piperita
M longifolia 		essential oil (% of DW) /660;470/500
4.34;5.03
7.00;3.11
4.37;3.19 		/sunlight/1800
0.66
1.40
3.33 		[14]