Table 1. Model inputs – and their sources – for study of the incremental cost of switching from Option B to Option B+ for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
| Model input | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Median postpartum CD4+ cell count, cells/µl | ||
| Lower: 350–500 | 425 | Ekouevi, 201219 |
| Higher: > 500 | 613 | Ekouevi, 201219 |
| CD4+ cell count for ART eligibility, cells/µl | ≤ 350 | WHO, 201022 |
| Monthly decline in CD4+ cell count postpartum, cells/µl | ||
| Breastfeeding woman | 3.2 (1.5, 4.9)a | Otieno, 200718 |
| Non-breastfeeding woman | 4.4 (2.7, 6.0)a | Otieno, 200718 |
| Averageb | 3.9 | Estimated |
| Cost per patient per year, US$ | ||
| ART | ||
| TDF + 3TC + EFV | 167.31 | WHO, GPRM, 201117 |
| Pre-ART period | ||
| Co-trimoxazole, routine clinical monitoring and laboratory services | 211.81 | Menzies, 201116 |
| First 12 months on ART | ||
| Non-ARV drugs, routine clinical monitoring and laboratory services | 378.54 | Menzies, 201116 |
| Maintained on ART | ||
| Non-ARV drugs, routine clinical monitoring and laboratory services | 246.42 | Menzies, 201116 |
3TC, lamivudine; ART, antiretroviral therapy; ARV, antiretroviral; EFV, efavirenz; TDF, tenofovir; US$, United States dollars; WHO, World Health Organization.
a Values in parentheses were used to simulate a slow and a rapid monthly decline in CD4+ cell count.
b Breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding women.