Table 3. Parenting Stress at seven years' corrected age and comparison between parents of very preterm (n = 183) and term-born (n = 69) children.
| Measure | Mea n (SD) | Unadjusted | Adjusted for socia l risk | Adjusted for child neurodevelopmental disability | Adjusted for social risk and child disability | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very preterm | Term | β (95%CI) | p | β (95%CI) | p | β (95%CI) | p | β (95%CI) | p | |
| Overall total parenting stress | 212.8 (49.8) | 189.9 (37.6) | 24.4 (12.6, 36.2) | <0.001 | 20.03 (8.24, 31.82) | 0.001 | 22.48 (10.54,34.43) | <0.001 | 18.2 (6.3, 30.1) | .003 |
| Total parent-related stress | 117.1 (28.1) | 108.4 (24.6) | 9.6 (2.4,16.8) | .009 | 7.50 (0.31, 14.69) | .04 | 9.36 (2.15, 16.58) | .01 | 7.3 (0.1, 14.5) | .048 |
| Total child-related stress | 96.2 (26.4) | 81.6 (18.0) | 15.8 (9.9, 21.7) | <0.001 | 12.85 (6.80, 18.90) | <0.001 | 14.47 (8.43, 20.51) | <0.001 | 11.6 (5.4, 17.7) | <0.001 |
| Parent scales | ||||||||||
| Competence | 26.4 (7.5) | 24.3 (6.0) | 2.2 (0.4, 4.0) | .02 | 1.45 (-0.32, 3.21) | .11 | 2.18 (0.35, 4.02) | .02 | 1.5 (-0.3, 3.2) | .11 |
| Isolation | 12.3 (4.3) | 11.7 (4.3) | 0.9 (-0.2, 2.1) | .10 | 0.67 (-0.53, 1.86) | .28 | 0.94 (-0.22, 2.09) | .11 | 0.7 (-0.5,1.9) | .28 |
| Attachment | 11.1 (3.4) | 10.6 (2.7) | 0.6 (-0.2, 1.4) | .13 | 0.26 (-0.56, 1.08) | .53 | 0.51 (-0.32, 1.34) | .22 | 0.2 (-0.7, 1.0) | .69 |
| Health | 12.4 (3.8) | 10.9 (3.4) | 1.7 (0.7, 2.7) | .001 | 1.54 (0.54, 2.55) | .003 | 1.59 (0.59, 2.59) | .002 | 1.6 (0.5, 2.5) | .004 |
| Role restriction | 16.8 (5.4) | 15.8 (5.5) | 1.1 (-0.4, 2.6) | .14 | 0.88 (-0.63, 2.39) | .25 | 1.04 (-0.47, 2.56) | .18 | 0.8 (-0.7, 2.3) | .30 |
| Spouse | 17.5 (5.9) | 15.8 (4.4) | 1.4 (0.1, 2.7) | .03 | 1.31 (-0.01, 2.63) | .05 | 1.42 (0.13, 2.71) | .03 | 1.3 (-0.1, 2.6) | .06 |
| Depression | 21.0 (5.3) | 19.3 (4.7) | 1.8 (0.4, 3.2) | .01 | 1.34 (-0.08, 2.76) | .07 | 1.86 (0.45, 3.27) | .01 | 1.4 (-0.1, 2.9) | .05 |
| Life events | 8.9 (9.2) | 6.3 (6.1) | 2.8 (0.8, 4.8) | .006 | 2.07 (0.09, 4.04) | .04 | 2.94 (0.90, 4.98) | .005 | 2.2 (0.2, 4.2) | .04 |
| Child scales | ||||||||||
| Distractibility | 22.9 (6.6) | 19.6 (5.2) | 3.7 (2.2, 5.3) | <0.001 | 3.00 (1.37, 4.63) | <0.001 | 3.57 (1.99, 5.16) | <0.001 | 2.8 (1.2, 4.5) | .001 |
| Adaptability | 24.3 (7.8) | 19.9 (5.5) | 4.9 (3.2, 6.7) | <0.001 | 3.99 (2.21, 5.77) | <0.001 | 4.53 (2.76, 6.30) | <0.001 | 3.6 (1.8, 5.4) | <0.001 |
| Reinforces parent | 9.0 (3.3) | 8.3 (2.3) | 0.8 (0.01,1.5) | .047 | 0.43 (-0.33, 1.20) | .27 | 0.79 (0.01, 1.57) | .05 | 0.5 (-0.3, 1.2) | .26 |
| Demandingness | 17.7 (6.2) | 15.0 (4.4) | 2.9 (1.5, 4.4) | <0.001 | 2.54 (1.08, 4.0) | .001 | 2.60 (1.14, 4.05) | <0.001 | 2.2 (0.7, 3.7) | .003 |
| Mood | 9.9 (3.4) | 9.1 (2.4) | 0.9 (0.1, 1.7) | .025 | 0.65 (-0.14, 1.44) | .11 | 0.83 (0.04, 1.61) | .04 | 0.6 (-0.2, 1.4) | .15 |
| Acceptability | 12.3 (4.6) | 9.7 (2.8) | 2.6 (1.6, 3.5) | <0.001 | 2.26 (1.23, 3.29) | <0.001 | 2.31 (1.31, 3.31) | <0.001 | 2.0 (0.9, 3.1) | <0.001 |
Note. CI = confidence interval