Fig. 10.
Telmisartan prevents the glutamate-induced alterations in Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation in AT1A-deficient CGCs isolated from AT1A knock-out mice. The telmisartan effect is reduced by PPARγ inhibition. CGCs were pretreated with 1 µM telmisartan (Telm) followed by 1 hour exposure to glutamate (Glut) (100 µM). GW9662 (GW, 20 µM) was added 2 hours before telmisartan treatment. (A) Shown are representative Western blots for each protein level. Ratios of total and phospho-Akt (B) and phospho-GSK-3β (C) are presented as means ± SEM from three independent experiments. All results are shown as a percentage of the control group. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. control; ##P < 0.01 vs. Glut; $P < 0.05, $$$P < 0.001 vs. Glut+Telm.
