Fig. 4.
Telmisartan attenuates the glutamate-induced alterations of Akt, GSK-3β and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. CGCs were pre-treated with 1 µM telmisartan (Telm) for 2 h followed by exposure to 100 µM glutamate (Glut) for the indicated time intervals. Total and phosphorylated Akt, GSK-3β and ERK1/2 were determined by Western blotting (A). Results for Akt (B), GSK-3β (C) and ERK1/2 (D) are shown as a percentage of the control group. All results are presented as means ± SEM from three independent experiments. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. Control; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs. the corresponding time of glutamate treatment.
