Box and whisker plots show the 10th, 25th, 50th (median), 75th and 90th percentile values of the log-transformed ratios of mRNA copies to 18S rRNA copies for PAI-1, vimentin, TIMP-1, fibronectin, granzyme B, perforin, and BKV VP1 in urine collected at the time of biopsy diagnosis BKVN from 10 kidney graft recipients who experienced graft failure (Graft Failure) and 19 recipients who did not experience graft failure (No Graft Failure) during the three years following BKVN diagnosis. Levels of mRNA for PAI-1, vimentin, TIMP-1, fibronectin, granzyme B, perforin but not the levels of BKV VP1 mRNA and 18S rRNA were higher in the patients with graft failure. Two-tailed P values are based on the Mann Whitney U test.