1	Mesosoma with linear ivory pattern dorsally (at least with row of large ivory patch on scutellum and patch on metanotum; Figs 174, 182, 226, 237); first metasomal tergite of ♀ with brownish or ivory apical transverse band (Figs 163, 184, 228, 239), at most with narrow brown median line; vein 1m-cu of fore wing connected to first submarginal cell (Figs 159, 211, 224, 235); [extension of pale colour pattern of head and mesosoma is very variable]	2
–	Mesosoma without pale pattern dorsally, at most with an ivory patch on mesoscutum medially (Fig. 174); first tergite of ♀ black, largely brownish-white or with a reddish-yellow lateral patch apically (Fig. 176); position of vein 1m-cu of fore wing variable (Fig. 172)	5
2	Legs mainly yellowish brown, including apex of hind femur (Figs 155, 218); apical half of first tergite entirely pale yellowish (both sexes; Figs 163, 228)	3
–	Legs mainly black or dark brown (except pale trochanter and trochantellus; Fig. 231), if sometimes intermediate (Fig. 207) then apex of hind femur dark brown (Fig. 214); apical half of first tergite partly black (Figs 184, 239)	4
3	Vertex with large yellow patch medio-posteriorly (Fig. 222); head dorsally and mesoscutum coarsely punctate (Figs 222, 226); posterior half of propodeum obliquely rugose (Fig. 226); spiracle of propodeum distinctly protruding (Fig. 227); outer side of hind coxa (except base) yellowish brown; hind tibia (except basal quarter) and tarsus dark brown; first tergite robust and with median groove (Fig. 228); mesosoma laterally with extensive yellow pattern (Fig. 227) [Note. Orthogonalys centrimaculata Bischoff, 1951, from Vietnam runs here but has head largely smooth dorsally and mesoscutum very finely and densely rugulose or coriaceous, matt, outer side of hind coxa dark brown, hind femur largely blackish, hind tibia and tarsus yellowish brown; mesopleuron and metapleuron black and body about 15 mm]	Orthogonalys formosana Teranishi, 1931
–	Vertex black medio-posteriorly (Fig. 157); head dorsally and mesoscutum largely smooth, punctulate (Fig. 157); posterior half of propodeum largely smooth except some transverse rugae (Fig. 161); spiracle of propodeum slightly protruding (Fig. 162); outer side of hind coxa largely dark brown; hind tibia and tarsus yellowish brown; first tergite less robust and without median groove (Fig. 163); mesosoma laterally with limited yellow pattern (Fig. 162) [Note. Close to Orthogonalys albomaculata Bischoff, 1951 from N. India but has propodeum coarsely reticulate, pronotal side crenulate medially, third submarginal cell of fore wing comparatively large and propodeum of ♂ with large ivory patch].	Orthogonalys cheni sp. n.
4	Posterior half of propodeum coarsely transversely rugose (Fig. 237); fifth and sixth metasomal tergites more or less ivory medio-apically (Fig. 239); comparatively robust species (Fig. 231); [medially third sternite 0.6–0.7 times as long as second sternite (Fig. 241); mesoscutum very densely to rather sparsely sculptured, as striations of supra-antennal elevations; face and temple usually with small pale patches, but sometimes entirely absent]	Orthogonalys robusta sp. n.
–	Posterior half of propodeum largely smooth (Fig. 182); fifth and sixth tergites dark brown or black medio-apically (Figs 181, 193); slender species (Figs 181, 186, 196, 207); medially third sternite 0.8–1.0 times as long as second sternite (Figs 185, 194, 206, 217), rarely less; [first tergite with pair of pale spots (♀) or black (♂); medially third sternite 0.6–1.0 times as long as second sternite and apical half of mandible reddish brown in Japanese specimens, and 0.6–0.7 times and apical half mainly ivory in Chinese specimens]	Orthogonalys elongata Teranishi, 1929
5	Third submarginal cell about 0.3 times as long as second submarginal cell; antenna with a pale brown band subapically (13th–15th segments); [scutellum shiny and sparsely punctate; vein 1m-cu of fore wing connected to second submarginal cell; only ♂; Japan]	Orthogonalys fukuiensis (Tsuneki, 1991)
–	Third submarginal cell 0.4–0.5 times as long as second submarginal cell; antenna without a pale band; [area besides and behind lateral ocellus smooth; mandible largely ivory; anterior 0.7 of first metasomal tergite and anterior 0.2 of second tergite nearly black; fore femur orange-brown or brownish-yellow; pterostigma brown]	Orthogonalys clypeata sp. n.