Skip to main content
. 2014 Feb 20;2014:985176. doi: 10.1155/2014/985176

Table 1.

Effect of herb extracts on NO production and cell viability in simulated and resting RAW264.7 cells.

Plant name and authority Part useda Stimulation cells Resting cells Yieldf
Percent inhibition of NOb Cell proliferation (%)c NO production (μM)d Cytotoxicity (%)e
Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr.et Maxim.) Harms SR 74.66 ± 0.01 97.64 ± 0.09 4.28 ± 0.01 90.76 ± 0.04 5.55
Acanthopanax gracilistylus W. W. Smith BK 12.11 ± 0.01 66.29 ± 0.01 1.00 ± 0.01 99.16 ± 0.01 23.75
Achyranthes bidentata Bl. RT −11.62 ± 0.02 68.78 ± 0001 4.13 ± 0.03 73.25 ± 0.03 31.25
Acorus tatarinowii Schott. SR 11.82 ± 0.01 47.40 ± 0.09 0.92 ± 0.01 98.57 ± 0.01 17.75
Actinidia arguta (Sieb.et Zucc.) Planch.ex Miq. RT 54.67 ± 0.02 40.79 ± 0.03 1.18 ± 0.01 103.69 ± 0.01 7.42
Actinidia valvata Dunn RT 32.11 ± 0.01 51.09 ± 0.01 2.94 ± 0.01 22.07 ± 0.01 7.36
Alisma orientalis (Sam.) Juzep. ST 46.63 ± 0.04 53.01 ± 0.02 3.86 ± 0.02 101.11 ± 0.04 5.69
Allium macrostemon Bge. ST 25.43 ± 0.03 73.53 ± 0.04 2.11 ± 0.01 93.74 ± 0.02 38.87
Aloe barbadensis Miller LF 15.31 ± 0.10 35.02 ± 0.02 3.86 ± 0.02 94.60 ± 0.04 10.71
Amomum villosum Lour. FR 35.56 ± 0.02 61.15 ± 0.04 4.57 ± 0.01 100.19 ± 0.03 5.18
Artemisia annua L. HR 12.03 ± 0.03 29.48 ± 0.03 1.34 ± 0.01 105.08 ± 0.01 13.62
Artemisia anomala S. Moore HR 59.56 ± 0.05 74.25 ± 0.01 1.61 ± 0.01 102.92 ± 0.02 11.04
Artemisia capillaris Thunb. HR 41.2 ± 0.03 64.62 ± 0.03 4.02 ± 0.01 104.40 ± 0.04 17.36
Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. RT 13.96 ± 0.01 53.76 ± 0.03 4.30 ± 0.01 93.30 ± 0.05 47.06
Bambusa tuldoides Munro. ST 27.32 ± 0.01 75.23 ± 0.01 3.19 ± 0.01 110.67 ± 0.03 1.14
Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb. f. ST 77.52 ± 0.01 95.17 ± 0.08 4.29 ± 0.01 14.37 ± 0.02 18.63
Caesalpinia sappan L. HW 94.27 ± 0.01 103.70 ± 0.01 3.75 ± 0.01 30.92 ± 0.01 10.66
Carpesium abrotanoides Linn. HR 74.85 ± 0.03 53.24 ± 0.02 2.85 ± 0.01 102.95 ± 0.02 11.52
Carthamus tinctorius L. FL 38.89 ± 0.02 89.78 ± 0.02 4.22 ± 0.01 104.26 ± 0.04 45.76
Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. RT −6.06 ± 0.01 55.62 ± 0.01 1.30 ± 0.01 101.88 ± 0.03 2.78
Cinnamomum cassia Presl. TW 38.43 ± 0.02 86.03 ± 0.03 4.38 ± 0.01 107.18 ± 0.06 9.32
Cinnamomum cassia Presl. BK 68.31 ± 0.02 97.01 ± 0.04 4.54 ± 0.01 60.18 ± 0.04 11.16
Curcuma longa L. ST 89.32 ± 0.02 108.09 ± 0.05 4.61 ± 0.01 51.43 ± 0.02 9.36
Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. RT −13.92 ± 0.01 60.45 ± 0.01 1.42 ± 0.01 101.83 ± 0.02 36.04
Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang ST 7.36 ± 0.01 25.78 ± 0.01 0.74 ± 0.01 95.26 ± 0.01 11.14
Chrysanthemum indicum L. FL −2.87 ± 0.01 97.74 ± 0.01 1.65 ± 0.01 101.07 ± 0.02 26.1
Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. ST 8.81 ± 0.01 29.58 ± 0.02 1.25 ± 0.01 106.48 ± 0.02 8.01
Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C. Ling RT −8.31 ± 0.01 45.33 ± 0.01 0.59 ± 0.01 99.01 ± 0.02 9.423
Curcuma phaeocaulis Val. ST 18.87 ± 0.03 43.53 ± 0.02 3.10 ± 0.01 98.00 ± 0.05 46.14
Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen HW 77.38 ± 0.04 88.27 ± 0.07 1.93 ± 0.01 86.12 ± 0.02 17.6
Daphne genkwa Sieb.et Zucc. FL 99.17 ± 0.01 40.83 ± 0.03 4.25 ± 0.01 70.25 ± 0.04 20.55
Daphne tangutica Maxim. BK 76.12 ± 0.01 91.32 ± 0.16 4.56 ± 0.01 85.67 ± 0.11 4.75
Drynaria fortunei (Kunze) J. Sm. ST 6.46 ± 0.04 54.58 ± 0.01 1.15 ± 0.01 99.59 ± 0.02 11.458
Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. LF −43.84 ± 0.02 135.36 ± 0.02 1.06 ± 0.01 101.69 ± 0.02 13.78
Euodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. FR 56.35 ± 0.02 23.68 ± 0.01 1.80 ± 0.01 41.84 ± 0.03 33.89
Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl FR 91.93 ± 0.01 34.44 ± 0.02 4.24 ± 0.01 27.32 ± 0.01 26.12
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis FR 15.89 ± 0.01 50.48 ± 0.03 4.27 ± 0.01 129.77 ± 0.09 29.8
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. SR 66.62 ± 0.01 107.8 ± 0.07 0.76 ± 0.01 109.65 ± 0.03 18.57
Iles pubescens Hook.et Arn. RT 65.3 ± 0.02 106.52 ± 0.04 4.15 ± 0.01 117.70 ± 0.10 7.09
Ilex latifolia Thunb. LF 32.33 ± 0.09 79.67 ± 0.01 3.42 ± 0.01 54.11 ± 0.04 19.14
Inula japonica Thunb. FL 91.19 ± 0.01 84.48 ± 0.03 0.86 ± 0.01 100.42 ± 0.01 17.7
Inula linariifolia Turez. HR 76.43 ± 0.01 129.93 ± 0.19 4.04 ± 0.01 84.41 ± 0.03 10.91
Isatis indigotica Fort. LF 47.61 ± 0.02 86.83 ± 0.05 1.56 ± 0.01 106.24 ± 0.02 24.43
Isatis indigotica Fort. RT 26.48 ± 0.02 53.51 ± 0.08 1.00 ± 0.01 103.22 ± 0.01 26.78
Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. SR 91.13 ± 0.01 79.46 ± 0.05 3.88 ± 0.01 81.82 ± 0.04 28.1
Lonicera japonica Thunb. FL 47.87 ± 0.02 86.17 ± 0.04 1.38 ± 0.01 107.12 ± 0.01 39.55
Magnolia biondii Pamp. FL −15.35 ± 0.01 82.89 ± 0.01 3.27 ± 0.01 102.22 ± 0.03 15.39
Morus alba L. TW 50.78 ± 0.01 72.21 ± 0.06 4.69 ± 0.01 93.67 ± 0.03 7.88
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. FR 21.96 ± 0.02 95.84 ± 0.11 4.53 ± 0.04 105.37 ± 0.04 17.55
Nigella glandulifera Freyn et Sint. SD 78.56 ± 0.01 95.88 ± 0.04 2.58 ± 0.01 113.01 ± 0.01 10.05
Oldenlandia diffusa (Willd.) Roxb. HR 43.62 ± 0.02 62.44 ± 0.05 4.12 ± 0.01 69.83 ± 0.02 11.58
Ophiopogon japonicus (L.f.) Ker-Gawl. RT 9.31 ± 0.01 65.68 ± 0.05 0.62 ± 0.01 96.24 ± 0.01 39.34
Paeonia veitchii Lynch RT 61.27 ± 0.05 49.03 ± 0.01 2.95 ± 0.01 101.88 ± 0.03 22.17
Paeonia lactiflora Pall. RT −8.32 ± 0.01 77.45 ± 0.01 1.16 ± 0.01 98.85 ± 0.03 16.01
Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. BK 31.64 ± 0.04 64.88 ± 0.02 4.15 ± 0.01 70.23 ± 0.01 28.7
Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. SR 26.73 ± 0.04 71.25 ± 0.06 0.92 ± 0.01 101.26 ± 0.01 36.617
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. HR 11.22 ± 0.05 64.07 ± 0.02 2.23 ± 0.01 103.16 ± 0.01 12.36
Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn RT 66.44 ± 0.02 102.58 ± 0.17 4.51 ± 0.01 20.67 ± 0.07 13.07
Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce ST −3.64 ± 0.02 47.88 ± 0.01 1.00 ± 0.01 97.64 ± 0.01 32.28
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. RT 36.49 ± 0.02 63.84 ± 0.02 4.91 ± 0.01 73.7 ± 0.02 12.57
Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf SC 56.75 ± 0.04 12.61 ± 0.06 1.34 ± 0.01 49.13 ± 0.03 2.21
Psoralea corylifolia L. FR 41.35 ± 0.04 93.39 ± 0.04 1.16 ± 0.01 7.93 ± 0.01 5.34
Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi RT 58.64 ± 0.03 93.10 ± 0.08 0.68 ± 0.01 101.30 ± 0.02 20.25
Pyrola calliantha H. Andres. HR 20.09 ± 0.07 50.68 ± 0.02 3.04 ± 0.01 106.48 ± 0.04 11.6
Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. RT −14.78 ± 0.01 38.15 ± 0.01 0.45 ± 0.01 96.41 ± 0.01 39.67
Rosa laevigata Michx. FR 29.37 ± 0.02 69.39 ± 0.03 4.40 ± 0.01 91.48 ± 0.06 22.8
Rubia cordifolia L. SR 69.99 ± 0.03 113.22 ± 0.12 5.30 ± 0.01 102.03 ± 0.06 12.67
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. SR 7.35 ± 0.01 82.25 ± 0.14 2.02 ± 0.01 100.35 ± 0.01 40.42
Santalum album L. HW 36.59 ± 0.02 61.80 ± 0.03 4.61 ± 0.01 63.65 ± 0.16 7.25
Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk. RT 6.73 ± 0.01 56.66 ± 0.01 3.02 ± 0.01 92.08 ± 0.10 20.51
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi RT 23.55 ± 0.01 69.68 ± 0.01 3.07 ± 0.01 100.93 ± 0.01 47.06
Scutellaria barbata D. Don HR 53.51 ± 0.03 98.59 ± 0.03 4.28 ± 0.01 101.75 ± 0.04 21.39
Satsstrea japonica (Thunb.) De. BK 70.55 ± 0.01 126.05 ± 0.14 4.19 ± 0.01 91.61 ± 0.03 4.66
Spatholobus suberectus Dunn. ST 33.79 ± 0.01 27.24 ± 0.01 4.98 ± 0.01 92.21 ± 0.07 16.07
Stephania tetrandra S. Moore RT 52.29 ± 0.06 8.38 ± 0.01 2.06 ± 0.01 98.80 ± 0.03 11.03
Tribulus terrestris L. FR 73.48 ± 0.02 71.80 ± 0.09 4.15 ± 0.01 87.66 ± 0.05 8.44
Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. PE −2.38 ± 0.03 29.54 ± 0.01 1.07 ± 0.01 101.00 ± 0.01 35.97
Typha angustifolia L. PL 78.99 ± 0.05 48.80 ± 0.01 3.66 ± 0.01 85.85 ± 0.02 7.09
Typhonium giganteum Engl. ST 7.41 ± 0.01 47.14 ± 0.01 0.46 ± 0.01 94.68 ± 0.02 24.56
Xanthium sibiricum Patr. HR 76.34 ± 0.04 94.41 ± 0.07 4.46 ± 0.01 83.82 ± 0.06 5.73
Zingiber officinale Rosc. SR 91.28 ± 0.01 98.31 ± 0.05 2.20 ± 0.01 41.37 ± 0.04 10.10
L-NILg 35.2 ± 0.01 84.29 ± 0.01 3.22 ± 0.01 99.95 ± 0.03

aHR: herb; RT: root; ST: stem; LF: leaf; TW: twig; FL: flower; FR: fruit; SD: seed; SC: sclerotium; HW: heartwood; SR: stem and root; PE: pericarp.

bPercent inhibition of NO production: Griess reaction was carried out to measure the production of nitrite in LPS/IFNγ-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in the absence or presence of 100 μg/mL herb extracts.

cCell growth: MTT was performed to measure cell growth. The growth rate of control (no herb extract treatment) was considered as 100%.

dNO production: Griess reaction was used to measure the amount of nitrite in unstimulated RAW264.7 cells in the absence and presence of 100 μg/mL herb extracts.

eCell cytotoxicity: MTT assay was performed to determine cell cytotoxicity of unstimulated RAW264.7 cells treated with herb extracts. Untreated group was considered as 100%.

fPercent yield of extract obtained from 70% ethanol extraction of each 100 g dry herb.

gPercent inhibition of iNOS activity at the test concentration of 50 μM.