Table 2.
Identified differential metabolites in rat serum.
| No. | Metabolite | SH versus control | SC versus control | SH versus SC | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VIPa | FCb | P c | VIPa | FCb | P c | VIPa | FCb | P c | ||
| 1 | Isoleucine | 1.62 | 0.74 | 2.82 × 10−6 | 1.50 | 0.78 | 3.47 × 10−6 | / | 0.94 | — |
| 2 | Leucine | 1.36 | 0.83 | 2.76 × 10−2 | 1.57 | 0.82 | 4.75 × 10−3 | / | 1.01 | — |
| 3 | Methionine | 3.67 | 0.76 | 2.17 × 10−4 | 3.04 | 0.83 | 1.22 × 10−3 | 1.38 | 0.91 | — |
| 4 | Lysine | 1.28 | 0.63 | 1.09 × 10−3 | 1.78 | 0.83 | 1.80 × 10−2 | / | 0.76 | — |
| 5 | Valine | / | 0.84 | — | 1.54 | 0.75 | 1.45 × 10−3 | / | 1.12 | — |
| 6 | Choline | 3.14 | 0.68 | 5.33 × 10−7 | / | 0.94 | — | 2.31 | 0.72 | 1.84 × 10−5 |
| 7 | Betaine | 4.16 | 0.70 | 2.66 × 10−4 | 1.69 | 0.90 | — | 2.56 | 0.78 | 7.80 × 10−3 |
| 8 | Creatine | 2.16 | 0.80 | 3.19 × 10−3 | / | 0.93 | — | 1.30 | 0.86 | 2.88 × 10−2 |
| 9 | Phosphocholine | 2.99 | 0.70 | 1.58 × 10−3 | 2.43 | 0.79 | 7.04 × 10−3 | 1.01 | 0.89 | — |
| 10 | Trimethylamine | 1.18 | 0.51 | 1.89 × 10−5 | 1.36 | 0.68 | 4.13 × 10−3 | 1.21 | 0.74 | 1.77 × 10−2 |
| 11 | β-Glucose | / | 1.03 | — | 2.12 | 0.54 | 5.21 × 10−4 | 1.56 | 1.91 | 2.20 × 10−2 |
| 12 | α-Glucose | 1.13 | 1.29 | — | 1.19 | 0.76 | 3.90 × 10−2 | 1.54 | 1.70 | 2.41 × 10−2 |
| 13 | Pyruvate | 2.06 | 0.74 | 5.91 × 10−3 | 2.78 | 1.49 | 1.00 × 10−2 | 3.06 | 0.50 | 6.41 × 10−4 |
| 14 | Lactate | 2.67 | 0.79 | 3.90 × 10−2 | 5.01 | 1.45 | 3.18 × 10−5 | 4.90 | 0.54 | 3.10 × 10−5 |
| 15 | Alanine | 2.36 | 0.71 | 2.55 × 10−4 | 1.58 | 1.17 | 1.84 × 10−2 | 2.55 | 0.60 | 3.87 × 10−6 |
| 16 | Glutamate | 1.72 | 0.70 | 1.37 × 10−5 | 1.33 | 1.19 | 2.88 × 10−4 | 1.86 | 0.59 | 6.45 × 10−8 |
| 17 | VLDL/LDL –CH2– | 4.39 | 1.68 | 1.07 × 10−2 | / | 0.99 | — | 3.45 | 1.69 | 1.05 × 10−2 |
| 18 | Lipid =CHCH2CH= | 1.34 | 1.46 | 4.07 × 10−2 | / | 0.84 | — | 1.31 | 1.74 | 8.89 × 10−3 |
| 19 | Lipid CH=CH | 2.52 | 1.52 | 2.31 × 10−2 | / | 0.94 | — | 2.11 | 1.61 | 1.51 × 10−2 |
| 20 | Acetoacetate | 1.72 | 0.69 | 8.12 × 10−3 | 2.52 | 0.49 | 6.42 × 10−5 | 1.18 | 1.43 | 5.94 × 10−3 |
| 21 | Acetone | 1.09 | 1.15 | — | 1.68 | 0.76 | 2.60 × 10−2 | 1.91 | 1.50 | 3.68 × 10−3 |
aVIP: variable importance in the projection; metabolites with VIP values ≥1.0 were considered significant; bFold change (FC) was calculated as the ratio of the mean metabolite levels between two groups; c P values were calculated from Student's t-test (equal variances assumed) or Mann-Whitney U-test (equal variances not assumed) with a threshold of 0.05. The symbol “—” represents statistically nonsignificant values (P > 0.05) and “/” denotes VIP values <1.0.