Table 2.
MCRs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MC1R | MC2R | MC3R | MC4R | MC5R | |
Agonist preference and affinity | ACTH=α-MSH > β-MSH >γ-MSH | ACTH only | ACTH=α-MSH = β-MSH=γ-MSH | ACTH=α-MSH > β-MSH>γ-MSH | ACTH=α-MSH> β-MSH>γ-MSH |
Signaling pathways |
|
|
|
|
|
Biological functions |
|
|
|
|
|
Documented renal expression | Human kidney; Mouse kidney; Rat kidney |
Human kidney (weak) | Human kidney; Mouse kidney; Rat kidney |
Rat kidney | Human kidney; Mouse kidney; Rat kidney |
Distribution in the kidney | Glomeruli; Tubular epithelia |
Unknown | Inner medullary collecting duct | Renal cortex and medulla | Glomeruli; Interstitium |
Expression in kidney cells in vitro | Podocytes; Mesangial cells, Glomerular endothelial cells; Tubular epithelial cells |
Unknown | Inner medullary collecting duct cell | Glomerular endothelial cells; Tubular epithelial cells; Inner medullary collecting duct cells |
Podocytes; Inner medullary collecting duct cells |
Renal effects |
|
Unknown | Enhanced sodium excretion in collecting ducts | Unknown |
|
Clinical effects on kidney disease |
|
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
|
Abbreviations: ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; AKI, acute kidney injury; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; IP3, Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate; MAPK/ERK, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal- regulated kinase; MCR, melanocortin receptors; MSH, melanocyte stimulating hormone.