Table 3. Fat intake in relation to risk of invasive and borderline EOC in the New England-based case–control studya.
| |
Controls (n=1978) |
Invasive (n=1484) |
Borderline (n=388) |
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of fat intake | N | N (cases) | OR | (95% CI) | N (cases) | OR | (95% CI) | P-hetb |
|
Total fat (g day–1) | ||||||||
| Q1 | 494 | 384 | 1.00 (Ref) | 95 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.14 | ||
| Q2 | 495 | 332 | 0.87 | (0.71–1.06) | 103 | 1.11 | (0.81–1.51) | |
| Q3 | 495 | 375 | 0.98 | (0.80–1.20) | 105 | 1.17 | (0.86–1.60) | |
| Q4 | 494 | 393 | 1.06 | (0.86–1.29) | 85 | 0.96 | (0.70– 1.33) | |
|
P-trendc |
|
|
0.39 |
|
|
0.89 |
|
|
|
Vegetable fat (g day–1) | ||||||||
| Q1 | 493 | 376 | 1.00 (Ref) | 104 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.03 | ||
| Q2 | 496 | 338 | 0.85 | (0.70–1.04) | 97 | 0.89 | (0.66–1.21) | |
| Q3 | 495 | 358 | 0.94 | (0.77–1.15) | 110 | 1.07 | (0.79–1.45) | |
| Q4 | 494 | 412 | 1.01 | (0.82–1.23) | 77 | 0.71 | (0.52–0.99) | |
|
P-trendc |
|
|
0.66 |
|
|
0.09 |
|
|
|
Animal fat (g day–1) | ||||||||
| Q1 | 495 | 405 | 1.00 (Ref) | 97 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.09 | ||
| Q2 | 494 | 328 | 0.89 | (0.72–1.08) | 70 | 0.78 | (0.56–1.10) | |
| Q3 | 495 | 385 | 1.01 | (0.83–1.24) | 120 | 1.34 | (0.99–1.80) | |
| Q4 | 494 | 366 | 1.01 | (0.83–1.24) | 101 | 1.17 | (0.86–1.60) | |
|
P-trendc |
|
|
0.64 |
|
|
0.07 |
|
|
|
Dairy fat (g day–1) | ||||||||
| Q1 | 496 | 419 | 1.00 (Ref) | 97 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.05 | ||
| Q2 | 494 | 410 | 1.06 | (0.88–1.29) | 92 | 0.98 | (0.72–1.34) | |
| Q3 | 495 | 311 | 0.77 | (0.63–0.95) | 83 | 0.88 | (0.64–1.22) | |
| Q4 | 493 | 344 | 0.92 | (0.75–1.12) | 116 | 1.27 | (0.94–1.72) | |
|
P-trendc |
|
|
0.13 |
|
|
0.11 |
|
|
|
Trans fat (g day–1) | ||||||||
| Q1 | 491 | 347 | 1.00 (Ref) | 86 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.58 | ||
| Q2 | 501 | 334 | 0.98 | (0.80–1.20) | 100 | 1.21 | (0.88–1.66) | |
| Q3 | 491 | 385 | 1.17 | (0.96–1.44) | 98 | 1.23 | (0.89–1.69) | |
| Q4 | 495 | 418 | 1.28 | (1.05–1.57) | 104 | 1.32 | (0.96–1.81) | |
|
P-trendc |
|
|
0.005 |
|
|
0.11 |
|
|
|
Saturated fat (g day–1) | ||||||||
| Q1 | 495 | 403 | 1.00 (Ref) | 94 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.55 | ||
| Q2 | 494 | 342 | 0.88 | (0.72–1.08) | 91 | 1.03 | (0.75–1.42) | |
| Q3 | 492 | 351 | 0.86 | (0.70–1.05) | 94 | 1.05 | (0.76–1.44) | |
| Q4 | 497 | 388 | 1.06 | (0.87–1.29) | 109 | 1.30 | (0.95–1.76) | |
|
P-trendc |
|
|
0.63 |
|
|
0.10 |
|
|
|
Cholesterol (mg day–1) | ||||||||
| Q1 | 494 | 386 | 1.00 (Ref) | 110 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.23 | ||
| Q2 | 495 | 357 | 0.93 | (0.76–1.14) | 101 | 0.94 | (0.70–1.28) | |
| Q3 | 495 | 366 | 1.01 | (0.82–1.23) | 99 | 0.95 | (0.70–1.29) | |
| Q4 | 494 | 375 | 1.00 | (0.82–1.23) | 78 | 0.75 | (0.54–1.03) | |
|
P-trendc |
|
|
0.82 |
|
|
0.09 |
|
|
|
Monounsaturated fat (g day–1) | ||||||||
| Q1 | 497 | 377 | 1.00 (Ref) | 95 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.16 | ||
| Q2 | 493 | 350 | 0.94 | (0.77–1.15) | 104 | 1.11 | (0.82–1.52) | |
| Q3 | 494 | 394 | 1.00 | (0.82–1.22) | 112 | 1.23 | (0.91–1.67) | |
| Q4 | 494 | 363 | 0.98 | (0.80–1.19) | 77 | 0.86 | (0.61–1.19) | |
|
P-trendc |
|
|
0.93 |
|
|
0.48 |
|
|
|
Polyunsaturated fat (g day–1) | ||||||||
| Q1 | 495 | 384 | 1.00 (Ref) | 111 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.03 | ||
| Q2 | 490 | 371 | 0.95 | (0.78–1.16) | 116 | 1.03 | (0.77–1.38) | |
| Q3 | 499 | 380 | 0.96 | (0.78–1.17) | 98 | 0.89 | (0.66–1.21) | |
| Q4 | 494 | 349 | 0.85 | (0.69–1.04) | 63 | 0.56 | (0.40–0.79) | |
|
P-trendc |
|
|
0.13 |
|
|
<0.001 |
|
|
|
Long chain omega-3 (n−3)d | ||||||||
| Q1 | 494 | 405 | 1.00 (Ref) | 119 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.31 | ||
| Q2 | 495 | 371 | 0.93 | (0.76–1.14) | 96 | 0.83 | (0.61–1.12) | |
| Q3 | 495 | 357 | 0.86 | (0.71–1.06) | 97 | 0.78 | (0.58–1.06) | |
| Q4 | 494 | 351 | 0.85 | (0.69–1.04) | 76 | 0.62 | (0.45–0.86) | |
|
P-trendc |
|
|
0.10 |
|
|
0.004 |
|
|
|
Omega-6 (n−6)d | ||||||||
| Q1 | 494 | 376 | 1.00 (Ref) | 126 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 | ||
| Q2 | 499 | 372 | 0.97 | (0.80–1.19) | 99 | 0.78 | (0.58–1.05) | |
| Q3 | 491 | 404 | 1.05 | (0.86–1.28) | 108 | 0.87 | (0.65–1.17) | |
| Q4 | 494 | 332 | 0.85 | (0.69–1.04) | 55 | 0.44 | (0.31–0.62) | |
| P-trendc | 0.17 | <0.001 | ||||||
Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval; EOC=epithelial ovarian cancer; MA=Massachusetts; N (cases)=number of cases; n−3=omega-3; n−6=omega-6; NH=New Hampshire; OC=oral contraceptive; OR=odds ratio; Q1, Q4=quartiles 1, 4.
Multivariate polytomous logistic regression models were adjusted for age (continuous), study centre (MA, NH), study phase (1992–1997, 1998–2003, 2003–2008), number of pregnancies (0, 1, 2, 3, >3), OC use (none, 3 months, <1 year, 1, 5 years, >5 years), family history of ovarian cancer and history of tubal ligation (yes/no).
The P-het is from the likelihood-ratio test that compares a model with the same estimate for the association with the exposure of interest (e.g., categories of total fat intake) across histologic subtypes to a model that allows the association with the exposure of interest to vary across the histologic subtypes.
P-trend is the test for trend within each histologic subtype using a trend variable based on the median intake value from each quartile based on the distribution in controls.
Intakes are from food only.