Table 3. Clinical, Demographic, and Socioeconomic Variables of the Study Population by Graft Status.
| Study Population (n=208) | Graft Failure [n=53 (25.5%)] | No Graft Failure [n=155 (74.5%)] | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical and demographic variables | ||||
| Age at transplant (years)* | 3.5 (1.0-13.0) | 1.2 (0.8-13.9) | 4.0 (1.1-11.5) | 0.1545 |
| Age categories [n (%)] | <0.0001 | |||
| <1 year | 55 (26.4) | 21 (39.6) | 34 (21.9) | |
| 1-5 years | 71 (34.1) | 15 (28.3) | 56 (36.1) | |
| 6-10 years | 25 (12.0) | 0 (0.0) | 25 (16.1) | |
| 11-17 years | 36 (17.3) | 7 (13.2) | 29 (18.7) | |
| 18-22 years | 21 (10.1) | 10 (18.9) | 11 (7.1) | |
| Female sex [n (%)] | 117 (56.2) | 29 (54.7) | 88 (56.8) | 0.7944 |
| Disease etiology [n (%)] | 0.8603 | |||
| Acute hepatic necrosis | 32 (15.4) | 8 (15.1) | 24 (15.5) | |
| Biliary atresia | 83 (39.9) | 22 (41.5) | 61 (39.4) | |
| Cholestatic liver disease/cirrhosis | 10 (4.8) | 2 (3.8) | 8 (5.2) | |
| Metabolic disease | 24 (11.5) | 8 (15.1) | 16 (10.3) | |
| Neoplasms (benign and malignant) | 9 (4.3) | 3 (5.7) | 6 (3.9) | |
| Noncholestatic liver disease/cirrhosis | 35 (16.8) | 8 (15.1) | 27 (17.4) | |
| Other | 15 (7.2) | 2 (3.8) | 13 (8.4) | |
| Race/ethnicity [n (%)] | 0.0132 | |||
| White | 106 (51.0) | 18 (34.0) | 88 (56.8) | |
| Black | 72 (34.6) | 24 (45.3) | 48 (31.0) | |
| Other | 30 (14.4) | 11 (20.8) | 19 (12.3) | |
| Pretransplant characteristics | ||||
| Era [n (%)]† | 0.0163 | |||
| Pre-MELD/PELD era | 81 (38.9) | 28 (52.8) | 53 (34.2) | |
| MELD/PELD era | 127 (61.1) | 25 (47.2) | 102 (65.8) | |
| Initial MELD/PELD score at wait listing*‡ | 15 (6-23) | 12 (−1 to 24) | 15 (7-23) | 0.5676 |
| MELD/PELD score at transplant* | 17 (6-25) | 19 (4-27) | 17 (6-24) | 0.7313 |
| Wait-list time (days)*§ | 74 (6-182) | 80 (6-182) | 70 (6-188) | 0.8432 |
| Medical condition at wait listing [n (%)]† | 0.6181 | |||
| At home | 129 (63.5) | 30 (58.8) | 99 (65.1) | |
| Hospitalized | 16 (7.9) | 5 (9.8) | 11 (7.2) | |
| In intensive care unit | 58 (28.6) | 16 (31.4) | 42 (27.6) | |
| Transplant characteristics (first transplant only) | ||||
| Transplant graft type [n (%)] | <0.0001 | |||
| Deceased donor, whole | 117 (56.2) | 25 (47.2) | 92 (59.4) | |
| Deceased donor, reduced | 63 (30.3) | 17 (32.1) | 46 (29.7) | |
| Split | 8 (3.8) | 4 (7.5) | 4 (2.6) | |
| Living donor | 20 (9.6) | 7 (13.2) | 13 (8.4) | |
| Donor-recipient sex mismatch [n (%)]¶ | 107 (51.7) | 26 (49.1) | 81 (52.3) | 0.6564 |
| Donor age [n (%)]¶ | 0.1964 | |||
| 0-18 years | 122 (58.9) | 27 (50.9) | 95 (61.7) | |
| >18 years | 85 (41.1) | 26 (49.1) | 59 (38.3) | |
| Cold ischemia time (hours)#** | 8.5±3.8 | 8.5±3.0 | 8.5±4.0 | 0.9949 |
| Posttransplant characteristics | ||||
| Nonadherence [n (%)]†† | 87 (41.8) | 23 (43.4) | 64 (41.3) | 0.7885 |
| 2 or more rejection episodes [n (%)]‡‡ | 85 (42.1) | 24 (46.2) | 61 (40.7) | 0.4898 |
| SES: health insurance coverage [n (%)]§§ | 0.4131 | |||
| Public (or other) | 104 (51.5) | 28 (57.1) | 76 (49.7) | |
| Private | 98 (48.5) | 21 (42.9) | 77 (50.3) | |
| Neighborhood level indicator: NDI**†† | −0.34±0.93 | −0.30±0.99 | −0.35±0.91 | 0.6733 |
NOTE: P values in bold are statistically significant (P<0.05).
The data are presented as medians and IQRs.
The PELD severity score was introduced in 2002. It is used for patients less than 12 years old.
Data were missing for 7.1% of the patients eligible for a MELD/PELD score (n = 127).
Data were missing for 3.4% of the patients.
Data were missing for 2.4% of the patients.
Data were missing for 0.4% of the patients.
Data were missing for 30.1% of the patients.
The data are presented as means and standard deviations.
Includes nonadherence to medications, office visits, and laboratory testing.
Data were missing for 2.9% of the patients.
Data were missing for 2.9% of the patients.
This indicator represents information for all households in a participant's census tract; data were missing for 0.9% of the patients because of addresses outside the United States.