Table 1.

Demographic information about the participants and average number of utterances and obligatory contexts for finite verbs in the language samples.

	3-year-olds				6-year-olds
Measure	NH (N = 23)		HH (N = 60)		NH (N = 17)		HH (N = 40)
	M (SD)	%	M (SD)	%	M (SD)	%	M (SD)	%
Average age (yrs)	3.18 (0.26)		3.16 (0.24)		6.15 (0.26)		6.12 (0.24)
Degree of hearing loss
Normal: 0–20 dB		100				100
Mild: 20–39 dB				22				25
Moderate: 40–59 dB				60				55
Moderate-severe: 60–79 dB				18				20
Audiological factors
BE-PTA (dB HL)	15.67 (6.08)		48.57 (11.68)		5.06 (3.02)		46.09 (13.46)
Aided SII	—		76.80 (14.03)		—		78.30 (14.54)
Age (mos) aid fitted	—		11.43 (10.54)		—		34.28 (25.36)
Language samples
Number of utterances	147.29 (57.11)a		132.10 (55.12)c		203.88 (45.07)e		191.73 (49.86)g
Number of obligatory contexts for FVM	27.41 (19.40)b		21.43 (16.16)d		58.35 (20.93)f		49.63 (23.47)h
Language measures
CASL Syntax	93.75 (13.33)		87.28 (13.51)		107.11 (16.46)		90.93 (23.25)
Mother’s education
High school		23		23		6		21
Some college		18		19		12		37
Complete college		27		32		44		32
Post grad		32		27		38		10

Note.

^aRange = 55–273.

^bRange = 5–70.

^cRange = 52–360.

^dRange = 1–74.

^eRange = 103–273.

^fRange = 7–82.

^gRange = 99–361.

^hRange = 14–136.

CASL scores are standard scores for the age-appropriate subtests. Ranges are given for the measures related to FVM (use of contracted forms of be [am, is, are], third-person singular -s, and regular past tense -ed) in the language samples. HH = children who are hard of hearing; NH = children with normal hearing; BE-PTA = better-ear pure-tone average; aided SII = aided speech intelligibility index at 65 dB for the Carrot Passage (Cox & McDaniel, 1989); FVM = finite verb morphology; CASL = Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language.