Fig. 4.

Measurement of ROS levels in neuronal cells after co-exposure to multiple RF signals (CDMA at 2 W/kg plus WCDMA at 2 W/kg for 2 h) and 100 µM H₂O₂. ROS were measured by DCF-DA staining in U87 (A), PC12 (B), SH-SY5Y (C), and NIH3T3 cells (D) at indicated periods after exposure. The data are shown as the means of six independent experiments together with the standard deviations of the means (M ± SD). Statistical calculations were performed by ANOVA via the Tukey post hoc test. Statistical significance values were *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, compared with either the incubator control group with or without H₂O₂, or the sham-exposed group with H₂O₂ treatment at each time-point. # indicates non-significance (P > 0.05).