G-protein activation by PR/Rh chimera (a), bovine Rh (b), and GR/Rh chimeras (c). Time-dependent GTPγS-binding to transducin was monitored under light (open circle or square) and dark (filled circle or square) conditions. Solid lines in (a) represent the results of PR/Rh225-252, while dotted lines in (a) represent WT PR. Solid lines in (b, c) represent the results of GR/Rh225-252 and GR/Rh225-252 + E132Q, while dotted lines in (b) and (c) represent bovine Rh and GR/Rh225-252, respectively. The concentrations of bovine Rh, PR (PR chimera) and GR (GR chimera) are 5 nM, 2.1 μM, and 1.9 μM, respectively. Binding at t = 0 was caused by unspecific binding to the filter and was not used to assay the catalytic activities of pigments. (d) Comparison of G-protein activation ability by PR/Rh and GR/Rh chimeras. GTPγS-binding to transducin was monitored at 10 min under light (open bar) and dark (filled bar) conditions. Data are presented as the means ± S.D. of more than three independent experiments.