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Meta-analysis of smoke exposure and p16 promoter methylation. A random effects model was applied due to the heterogeneity of the studies selected. The square and the connecting lines indicate the Odds Ratio (OR) and its confidence intervals (CI). The area of each square is proportional to the sample size of the study in the meta-analysis. The overall OR was 1.99 (p<0.05) with 95% CI between 1.48 and 2.72.
