Table 1.
Selected characteristics of participants in relation to vital status
| Arsenic (μg/L) in well water | Baseline cohort (n=11746) | Deaths (n=407) | Crude death rate (per 1000 person-years) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sex
| ||||
| Male | 102·2 (115·7) | 5042 (43%) | 298 (73%) | 9·0 |
| Female | 101·2 (114·9) | 6704 (57%) | 109 (27%) | 2·5 |
|
| ||||
|
Age (years)
| ||||
| 18–30 | 101·3 (116·4) | 3653 (31%) | 27 (7%) | 1·1 |
| 31–40 | 100·7 (112·7) | 4186 (36%) | 71 (17%) | 2·6 |
| 41–50 | 102·9 (116·0) | 2730 (23%) | 127 (31%) | 7·1 |
| 51–60 | 102·5 (119·8) | 1072 (9%) | 150 (37%) | 22·3 |
| 61–75 | 107·6 (110·7) | 104 (0·9%) | 32 (8%) | 54·9 |
|
| ||||
|
Body-mass index (kg/m2)
| ||||
| <18·5 | 107·1 (119·6) | 4555 (39%) | 217 (53%) | 7·3 |
| 18·5–24·9 | 99·9 (114·1) | 6107 (52%) | 156 (38%) | 3·9 |
| ≥25·0 | 85·2 (101·8) | 805 (7%) | 22 (5%) | 4·1 |
|
| ||||
|
Education (years)
| ||||
| 0 | 101·2 (112·2) | 5237 (45%) | 215 (53%) | 6·3 |
| 1–5 | 105·2 (119·8) | 3470 (30%) | 103 (25%) | 4·5 |
| 6–16 | 98·2 (115·1) | 3033 (26%) | 89 (22%) | 4·4 |
|
| ||||
|
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)
| ||||
| <140 | 101·9 (115·9) | 10 542 (90%) | 298 (73%) | 4·3 |
| ≥140 | 98·3 (110·4) | 945 (8%) | 98 (24%) | 16·2 |
|
| ||||
|
Cigarette smoking status
| ||||
| Never smoked | 101·9 (116·0) | 7568 (64%) | 117 (29%) | 2·3 |
| Ex-smoker | 110·0 (123·1) | 778 (7%) | 82 (20%) | 16·6 |
| Smoker | 99·1 (111·7) | 3395 (29%) | 207 (51%) | 9·3 |
|
| ||||
|
Arsenic (μg/L) in well water
| ||||
| 0·1–10·0 | 3·2 (2·9) | 2743 (23%) | 77 (19%) | 4·2 |
| 10·1–50·0 | 28·5 (11·4) | 2511 (21%) | 94 (23%) | 5·8 |
| 50·1–150·0 | 94·5 (29·4) | 3600 (31%) | 101 (25%) | 4·3 |
| 150·1–864·0 | 267·5 (106·7) | 2889 (25%) | 135 (33%) | 7·1 |
|
| ||||
|
Arsenic dose (μg per day)
| ||||
| 0·041–35·0 | 6·4 (22·4) | 2922 (25%) | 92 (23%) | 4·7 |
| 35·1–163·0 | 44·3 (39·7) | 2937 (25%) | 101 (25%) | 5·3 |
| 163·1–401·0 | 113·0 (70·9) | 2941 (25%) | 94 (23%) | 4·9 |
| 401·1–4898·0 | 242·2 (117·4) | 2940 (25%) | 120 (29%) | 6·2 |
|
| ||||
|
Total arsenic in urine (μg/g)
| ||||
| 7·0–105·0 | 30·8 (77·0) | 2793 (24%) | 83 (20%) | 4·4 |
| 105·1–199·0 | 65·7 (86·0) | 2829 (24%) | 99 (24%) | 5·4 |
| 199·1–352·0 | 108·3 (95·4) | 2805 (24%) | 102 (25%) | 5·6 |
| 352·1–5000·0 | 198·5 (124·5) | 2797 (24%) | 106 (26%) | 5·8 |
Data are mean (SD) or number (%), unless otherwise indicated.