Table 3. Cox model with hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of COPD associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and covariates.
| Crude | Adjusted† | |||
| Variable | HR | (95% CI) | HR | (95% CI) |
| Age | ||||
| 20–34 years | 1 | (Reference) | 1 | (Reference) |
| 35–49 years | 3.74 | (1.99, 7.03)*** | 3.62 | (1.93, 6.79)*** |
| 50–64 years | 12.1 | (6.63, 22.2)*** | 9.03 | (4.90, 16.6)*** |
| 65+ years | 115.6 | (66.0, 202.3)*** | 61.9 | (34.7, 110.7)*** |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 4.38 | (3.48, 5.50)*** | 2.33 | (1.84, 2.94)*** |
| Female | 1 | (Reference) | 1 | (Reference) |
| Baseline comorbidities (yes vs no) | ||||
| SLE | 1.72 | (1.36, 2.19)*** | 1.82 | (1.43, 2.31)*** |
| Hypertension | 9.53 | (7.66, 11.8)*** | 1.28 | (0.97, 1.68) |
| Diabetes | 9.17 | (7.20, 11.7)*** | 1.52 | (1.16, 1.99)** |
| Hyperlipidemia | 4.34 | (3.06, 6.17)*** | 0.87 | (0.60, 1.26) |
| CAD | 13.1 | (10.3, 16.7)*** | 1.86 | (1.41, 2.45)*** |
| CVA | 12.2 | (9.56, 15.6)*** | 1.99 | (1.51, 2.620*** |
| ESRD | 2.20 | (1.09, 4.43)* | 0.67 | (0.33, 1.36) |
†
Adjusted HR: multivariable analysis including for age, sex,
hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, CAD, CVA, and ESRD.
*p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001.