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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Brain Behav Immun. 2013 Dec 29;37:187–196. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.12.018

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Age dependent changes of inflammatory cytokine levels in the hippocampus and plasma of adult mice. TNFα and TGFβ1 were determined by ELISA. A. TNFα and TGFβ1 levels were increased in the hippocampus of 12 month old mice compared with 2 month old mice under non-stimulated conditions. B-D. Age dependent changes on in vivo plasma and hippocampal level of cytokines induced by i.p. injection of LPS. Young and adult mice were injected with a single dose of i.p. vehicle (PBS) or 0.5 mg / kg LPS (LPS). B. The concentration of TNFα in plasma was assessed at 1 h post-injection. TNFα showed a similar increase in young and adult mice in response to LPS injection. The concentration of TGFβ1 in C. plasma and D. hippocampus was assessed at 48 h post-injection. Plasma levels of TGFβ1 after LPS treatment were higher in young than in adult mice. In the hippocampus of young animals, LPS induced a moderate increase of TGFβ1. However, the increased basal levels of TGFβ1 observed in adult animals were not significantly inceased by LPS treatment. Data correspond to the mean ± SEM of 5 independent experiments, * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P < 0.001 compared with control condition, ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer post-hoc.