Table 1.
| A. Frequency and Percentage of DSM-III-R Disorders and Sociodemographic Variables | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| DSM-III-R Diagnostic Information | Percent | Frequency (n) | Missing (n) |
| Conditions of Focus in Manuscript | |||
| Problem/Pathological Gambling | 7.83% | 614 | 26 |
| Nicotine Dependence | 47.81% | 3762 | 0 |
| Cannabis Abuse/Dependence | 7.20% | 564 | 31 |
| Simulant Abuse/Dependence | 4.58% | 359 | 30 |
| Internalizing Diagnoses | |||
| General Anxiety Disorder | 2.25% | 177 | 18 |
| Panic Disorder | 1.75% | 137 | 18 |
| Major Depression Disorder | 9.61% | 755 | 16 |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 10.05% | 785 | 56 |
| Externalizing Diagnoses | |||
| Alcohol Dependence | 35.89% | 2817 | 20 |
| Antisocial Personality Disorder | 2.89% | 227 | 18 |
| Sociodemographic Information | Percent | Frequency (n) | Missing (n) |
| Annual Household Income (≥ $30,000) | 45.76% | 3407 | 424 |
| White Race | 93.40% | 7349 | 1 |
| Other Race | 6.60% | 519 | 1 |
| Employed | 95.77% | 7296 | 251 |
| Less Than a High School Education | 3.60% | 274 | 268 |
| High School Education | 31.55% | 2398 | 268 |
| More Than a High School Education | 64.85% | 4929 | 268 |
| B. Logistic Regression Model Examining the Relationships Between Problem/Pathological Gambling and Drug Abuse/Dependence Adjusting for Sociodemographics, Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders | |
|---|---|
| Variable | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
| Age | 1.00 (0.97 – 1.04) |
| Annual Household Income | 0.97 (0.80 – 1.16) |
| High School Education | 0.95 (0.59 – 1.54) |
| College | 0.83 (0.51 – 1.33) |
| White Race | 1.83 (1.31 – 2.55) |
| Employed | 0.72 (0.50 – 1.04) |
| Alcohol Dependence | 1.89 (1.54 – 2.34) |
| Antisocial Personality Disorder | 2.23 (1.47 – 3.37) |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 1.29 (0.78 – 2.14) |
| Panic Disorder | 1.35 (0.77 – 2.37) |
| Major Depression Disorder | 1.40 (1.05 – 1.87) |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 1.10 (0.83 – 1.47) |
| Nicotine Dependence | 1.30 (1.06 – 1.60) |
| Stimulant Abuse/Dependence | 1.52 (1.06 – 2.18) |
| Cannabis Abuse/Dependence | 1.35 (0.99 – 1.84) |
| B_ND1. Logistic Regression Model Examining the Relationships Between Problem/Pathological Gambling and Nicotine Dependence without Adjustment | |
|---|---|
| Variable | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
| Nicotine Dependence | 2.08 (1.75 – 2.49) |
| B_ND2. Logistic Regression Model Examining the Relationships Between Problem/Pathological Gambling and Nicotine Dependence, Adjusting for Sociodemographics | |
|---|---|
| Variable | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
| Nicotine Dependence | 1.88 (1.56 – 2.27) |
| Age | 0.98 (0.94 – 1.01) |
| Annual Household Income | 0.91 (0.76 – 1.09) |
| High School Education | 0.89 (0.57 – 1.40) |
| College | 0.80 (0.51 – 1.24) |
| White Race | 1.91 (1.38 – 2.64) |
| Employed | 0.61 (0.43 – 0.88) |
| B_ND3. Logistic Regression Model Examining the Relationships Between Problem/Pathological Gambling and Nicotine Dependence, Adjusting for Sociodemographics and Internalizing Disorders | |
|---|---|
| Variable | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
| Nicotine Dependence | 1.68 (1.39 – 2.04) |
| Age | 0.98 (0.95 – 1.01) |
| Annual Household Income | 0.93 (0.78 – 1.12) |
| High School Education | 0.92 (0.58 – 1.45) |
| College | 0.79 (0.50 – 1.23) |
| White Race | 1.89 (1.37 – 2.61) |
| Employed | 0.67 (0.47 – 0.95) |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 1.49 (0.91 – 2.44) |
| Panic Disorder | 1.54 (0.88 – 2.69) |
| Major Depression Disorder | 1.70 (1.29 – 2.24) |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 1.39 (1.06 – 1.81) |
| B_SAD1. Logistic Regression Model Examining the Relationships Between Problem/Pathological Gambling and Stimulant Abuse/Dependence without Adjustment | |
|---|---|
| Variable | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
| Stimulant Abuse/Dependence | 3.42 (2.61 – 4.50) |
| B_SAD2. Logistic Regression Model Examining the Relationships Between Problem/Pathological Gambling and Stimulant Abuse/Dependence, Adjusting for Sociodemographics | |
|---|---|
| Variable | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
| Stimulant Abuse/Dependence | 3.19 (2.36 – 4.32) |
| Age | 0.98 (0.95 – 1.02) |
| Annual Household Income | 0.91 (0.75 – 1.09) |
| High School Education | 0.83 (0.53 – 1.32) |
| College | 0.70 (0.45 – 1.11) |
| White Race | 1.67 (1.20 – 2.31) |
| Employed | 0.65 (0.45 – 0.93) |
| B_SAD3. Logistic Regression Model Examining the Relationships Between Problem/Pathological Gambling and Stimulant Abuse/Dependence, Adjusting for Sociodemographics and Internalizing Disorders | |
|---|---|
| Variable | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
| Stimulant Abuse/Dependence | 2.47 (1.81 – 3.37) |
| Age | 0.99 (0.95 – 1.02) |
| Annual Household Income | 0.94 (0.78 – 1.23) |
| High School Education | 0.86 (0.54 – 1.37) |
| College | 0.71 (0.45 – 1.12) |
| White Race | 1.70 (1.22 – 2.35) |
| Employed | 0.68 (0.48 – 0.97) |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 1.49 (0.90 – 2.45) |
| Panic Disorder | 1.51 (0.87 – 2.61) |
| Major Depression Disorder | 1.65 (1.24 – 2.20) |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 1.43 (1.09 – 1.88) |
| B_CAD1. Logistic Regression Model Examining the Relationships Between Problem/Pathological Gambling and Cannabis Abuse/Dependence without Adjustment | |
|---|---|
| Variable | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
| Cannabis Abuse/Dependence | 2.82 (2.23 – 3.56) |
| B_CAD2. Logistic Regression Model Examining the Relationships Between Problem/Pathological Gambling and Cannabis Abuse/Dependence, Adjusting for Sociodemographics | |
|---|---|
| Variable | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
| Cannabis Abuse/Dependence | 2.68 (2.07 – 3.49) |
| Age | 0.99 (0.95 – 1.02) |
| Annual Household Income | 0.93 (0.78 – 1.13) |
| High School Education | 0.86 (0.54 – 1.37) |
| College | 0.72 (0.46 – 1.15) |
| White Race | 1.73 (1.25 – 2.39) |
| Employed | 0.62 (0.43 – 0.88) |
| B_CAD3. Logistic Regression Model Examining the Relationships Between Problem/Pathological Gambling and Cannabis Abuse/Dependence, Adjusting for Sociodemographics and Internalizing Disorders | |
|---|---|
| Variable | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
| Cannabis Abuse/Dependence | 2.12 (1.62 – 2.78) |
| Age | 0.99 (0.95 – 1.02) |
| Annual Household Income | 0.95 (0.79 – 1.15) |
| High School Education | 0.90 (0.56 – 1.44) |
| College | 0.74 (0.46 – 1.17) |
| White Race | 1.74 (1.25 – 2.40) |
| Employed | 0.66 (0.47 – 0.94) |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 1.50 (0.92 – 2.43) |
| Panic Disorder | 1.49 (0.85 – 2.62) |
| Major Depression Disorder | 1.64 (1.24 – 2.18) |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 1.41 (1.07 – 1.84) |
Appendix: Abuse/Dependence refers to an individual who met the DSM-III-R criteria for abuse and/or dependence on (1) nicotine (dependence only) (2) cannabis (hashish,ganja, bhang); (3) stimulants (uppers, amphetamines, speed, ice, crack, cocaine); (Xian, et al., 2000).
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval