Table 1.
Baseline Patient Characteristics
| Suspected CA (n = 90) | Hypertensive LVH (n = 64) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | 62 ± 13 | 57 ± 13 | 0.01 |
|
| |||
| Male | 52 (58) | 46 (72) | 0.07 |
|
| |||
| NYHA functional class | 3.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Right heart failure | 54 (60) | 5 (8) | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Dialysis | 13 (14) | 1 (2) | 0.01 |
|
| |||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 120.9 ± 23.4 | 148.2 ± 26.0 | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 71.6 ± 11.9 | 86.4 ± 15.1 | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl | 1.2 (1.0, 2.3) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.4) | 0.06 |
|
| |||
| Electrocardiography* | |||
| Low voltage† | 50 (63) | 9 (17) | <0.0001 |
| Q wave‡ | 6 (8) | 3 (6) | 0.68 |
|
| |||
| Echocardiography§ | |||
| Mean LV wall thickness, mm | 14.2 ± 3.2 | 14.0 ± 3.2 | 0.72 |
| E/A ratio | 2.1 (1.1, 2.9) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.5) | <0.0001 |
| Deceleration time, ms | 156 (124, 188) | 200 (172, 236) | <0.0001 |
| Deceleration time <160 ms | 35 (55) | 6 (17) | 0.0003 |
| E/E′ ratio | 19.4 (14.3, 28.6) | 17.8 (10.3, 28.3) | 0.39 |
| E/E′ ratio >15 | 45 (71) | 20 (56) | 0.17 |
| Pseudonormal or restrictive diastology | 41 (65) | 11 (31) | 0.002 |
|
| |||
| Cine-CMR | |||
| Mean LV wall thickness, mm | 12.8 ± 3.8 | 12.5 ± 3.4 | 0.63 |
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 91 (69, 126) | 83 (69, 107) | 0.21 |
| LV EDV index, ml/m2 | 58 (43, 76) | 66 (53, 77) | 0.09 |
| LV ESV index, ml/m2 | 24 (18, 36) | 22 (13, 30) | 0.04 |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 56 (47, 65) | 69 (61, 73) | <0.0001 |
| Pericardial effusion | 45 (50) | 9 (14) | <0.0001 |
| Pleural effusion | 43 (48) | 6 (9) | <0.0001 |
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| |||
| DE-CMR | |||
| Any HE | 59 (66) | 4 (6) | <0.0001 |
| Diffuse HE | 48 (53) | 0 (0) | <0.0001 |
| CAD-type HE | 11 (12) | 2 (3) | 0.05 |
| Focal non-CAD-type HE (midwall or epicardial) | 6 (7) | 2 (3) | 0.47 |
Values are mean ± SD, n (%), or median (25th, 75th percentile). Numbers in boldface indicate p values ≤0.05.
Available in 133 patients, 80 with suspected CA and 53 with hypertensive LVH;
defined as total height of the QRS complex <5 mm in the limb leads and <10 mm in the precordial leads;
defined by Minnesota codes 1-1-1 through 1-2-7;
available in 99 patients, 64 with suspected CA and 35 with hypertensive LVH.
CA = cardiac amyloidosis; CAD = coronary artery disease; CMR = cardiac magnetic resonance; DE = delayed-enhancement; E/A = peak early to late diastolic velocity; EDV = end-diastolic volume; ESV = end-systolic volume; HE = hyperenhancement; LV = left ventricular; LVH = left ventricular hypertrophy; NYHA = New York Heart Association.