Table 5.
Comparisons of the Adolescent Hearing Environments and Reflection on Quality of Life (HEAR-QL), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL), the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults (HHIA), and the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale, short form (RCADS-25) between Adolescents with Normal Hearing and Any Hearing Loss (HL) and between Adolescents with Unilateral HL and Bilateral HL.
| Scale | Normal Hearing (n =54) | Any HL (n = 172) | p* | Unilateral HL (n = 63) | Bilateral HL (n = 109) | p† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| HEAR-QL, mean (SD), [range] | ||||||
| Social Interactions | 98 (7) [62–100] | 84 (21) [0–100] | <0.001 | 88 (17) [25–100] | 81 (23) [0–100] | 0.049 |
| Hearing Situations | 92 (12) [50–100] | 51 (22) [0–100] | <0.001 | 52 (21) [4–100] | 49 (23) [0–100] | 0.484 |
| School Difficulties | 96 (8) [64–100] | 69 (23) [0–100] | <0.001 | 71 (22) [14–100] | 67 (24) [0–100] | 0.288 |
| Feelings | 94 (11) [63–100] | 62 (25) [0–100] | <0.001 | 67 (23) [13–100] | 59 (27) [0–100] | 0.060 |
| Total | 95 (8) [70–100] | 67 (20) [0–100] | <0.001 | 70 (18) [18–100] | 64 (21) [0–100] | 0.083 |
|
| ||||||
| PedsQL, mean (SD), [range] | ||||||
| Physical | 88 (15) [25–100] | 86 (16) [19–100] | 0.371 | 89 (14) [44–100] | 84 (17) [19–100] | 0.045 |
| Emotional | 77 (20) [30–100] | 75 (20) [0–100] | 0.537 | 75 (21) [20–100] | 75 (21) [0–100] | 0.892 |
| Social | 87 (16) [20–100] | 81 (21) [0–100] | 0.052 | 85 (19) [25–100] | 78 (22) [0–100] | 0.033 |
| School | 79 (17) [45–100] | 70 (20) [0–100] | 0.001 | 70 (21) [15–100] | 69 (20) [0–100] | 0.632 |
| Total | 84 (14) [30–100] | 79 (15) [21–100] | 0.048 | 81 (15) [40–100] | 77 (16) [21–100] | 0.129 |
|
| ||||||
| HHIA, mean (SD), [range] | ||||||
| Emotional | 2 (6) [0–30] | 14 (12) [0–52] | <0.001 | 14 (12) [0–46] | 14 (12) [0–52] | 0.975 |
| Social | 2 (5) [0–24] | 12 (10) [0–48] | <0.001 | 10 (10) [0–40] | 13 (11) [0–48] | 0.153 |
| Total | 4 (11) [0–54] | 25 (21) [0–100] | <0.001 | 24 (20) [0–86] | 26 (21) [0–100] | 0.494 |
|
| ||||||
| RCADS-25, mean (SD), [range] | ||||||
| Major Depression | 2 (2) [0–10] | 2 (2) [0–12] | 0.467 | 2 (2) [0–10] | 2 (2) [0–12] | 0.942 |
| General Anxiety | 2 (2) [0–9] | 3 (3) [0–11] | 0.667 | 3 (3) [0–11] | 3 (3) [0–11] | 0.669 |
| Panic Disorder | 2 (3) [0–12] | 1 (2) [0–8] | 0.597 | 1 (2) [0–7] | 2 (2) [0–8] | 0.875 |
| Separation Anxiety | 1 (2) [0–11] | 1 (2) [0–14] | 0.523 | 1 (2) [0–8] | 1 (2) [0–14] | 0.403 |
| Social Phobia | 3 (3) [0–11] | 4 (3) [0–15] | 0.289 | 4 (3) [0–15] | 4 (3) [0–15] | 0.178 |
| Total | 11 (10) [0–48] | 12 (10) [0–55] | 0.704 | 11 (9) [0–42] | 12 (10) [0–55] | 0.436 |
Note: Higher scores indicate better QOL on the HEAR-QL and PedsQL, worse QOL on the HHIA, and greater depression and/or anxiety on the RCADS-25.
HL, hearing loss; SD, standard deviation
*
p values for comparisons between normal hearing and any HL.
†
p values for comparisons between unilateral and bilateral HL.