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Carbon binding environments of a Si chip, ppNIPAM deposited upstream, ppNIPAM deposited midstream, and ppNIPAM deposited at the University of Washington[41] as determined by peak fitting the high resolution C1s XPS spectra. The standard deviation is less than 2%.
| C-H/C-C | C-N/C-O | N-C=0 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (285 eV) | (+1.5 eV) | (+3 eV) | |
| Silicon Control | 92.9 | 7.1 | 0 |
| Upstream | 66.5 | 21.5 | 12.0 |
| Midstream | 68.2 | 23.3 | 8.5 |
| UW | 71.5 | 17.8 | 10.8 |
| Theoretical | 66.7 | 16.7 | 16.7 |
