Table 4.
Heritability statistics for ‘cognitive control’ phenotypes
| Concept/task | Mean h2 | h2 range | Total sample size | Indicator(s) | Total no. of results | No. of publications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Working memory | ||||||
| N-back | 0.42 | — | 220 | 2-Back accuracy | 1 | 1 |
| Digit Span backwards | 0.45 | 0.19–0.52 | 1836 | Correctly recalled digits | 6 | 5 |
| Delayed match2sample | 0.48 | — | 780 | Median accuracy | 1 | 1 |
| Sternberg | 0.45 | 0.45–0.47 | 596 | Accuracy, number of correct trials | 2 | 2 |
| Response inhibition | ||||||
| Stop-signal | (2) | — | 220 | Stop-signal RT | 1 | 1 |
| Go-NoGo | 0.41 | 0.31–0.93 | 1844 | False alarms, no. of correct Trials | 3 | 3 |
| Stroop | 0.51 | 0.49–0.58 | 1116 | Incong-cong scores; no. of correct incong trials | 3 | 3 |
| Anti-saccade | (2) | — | 220 | Percent correct | 1 | 1 |
| Task switch/set shift | ||||||
| WCST | 0.441 | 520 | Perseverative errors | 2 | 2 | |
| ID/ED (CANTAB battery) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Trails-B | 0.461 | 0.41–0.50 | 944 | Completion time | 4 | 4 |
| Switch between 2 stimuli | 0.64 | 0.58–0.70 | 440 | Switch–unswitch RT | 2 | 1 |
| Response selection | ||||||
| Choice RT | 0.60 | 0.52–0.70 | 2766 | 2-, 4- or 8-choice RT | 4 | 2 |
| Simon task | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Resp. map. tasks | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Cognitive control | 0.50 | 30 | 26 | |||
Abbreviations: CANTAB, Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery; ED, extra-dimensional; ID, intradimensional; RT, reaction time; WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.
Heritability statistics are averaged across studies, weighted by sample sizes. For a description of each task see online supplemental information.
1
Also has relative risk scores 2.0 for WCST; 4.0 for Trails-B and
2
measures showing a nonadditive genetic influence.