Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for WISC, pupillary, and recall accuracy data by age group.
| Adults | Children | Group differences | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| WISC FORWARD SPAN TASK | |||
| Span | 7.19 (1.23) | 5.47 (1.26) | t(115.11) = 7.56, p < 0.001 |
| Total score | 11.41 (2.12) | 8.24 (2.33) | t(117.84) = 7.86, p < 0.001 |
| STM OVERLOAD TASK | |||
| Encoding phase | |||
| Mean pupil diameter in mm | |||
| Cue | 3.81 (0.57) | 3.99 (0.47) | |
| Digit 1 | 3.88 (0.60) | 4.06 (0.48) | |
| Digit 2 | 3.93 (0.63) | 4.08 (0.52) | |
| Digit 3 | 3.94 (0.62) | 4.13 (0.51) | |
| Digit 4 | 3.98 (0.61) | 4.15 (0.53) | |
| Digit 5 | 4.01 (0.62) | 4.19 (0.51) | |
| Digit 6 | 4.09 (0.63) | 4.21 (0.51) | |
| Digit 7 | 4.12 (0.64) | 4.20 (0.52) | |
| Digit 8 | 4.14 (0.65) | 4.17 (0.51) | |
| Digit 9 | 4.14 (0.66) | 4.15 (0.54) | |
| Digit 10 | 4.15 (0.66) | n/a | |
| Digit 11 | 4.13 (0.67) | n/a | |
| Digit-at-peak dilation | 7.65 (1.81) | 6.10 (2.02) | t(118.73) = 4.46, p < 0.001 |
| Recall phase | |||
| Total correct | 4.79 (1.35) | 2.90 (1.13) | |
| Proportion correct | 0.44 (0.12) | 0.32 (0.13) | t(114.82) = 4.99, p < 0.001 |
WISC and recall phase data were missing for one child. Digit-at-peak dilation computations are based on data from digits 1 to 9. Independent-samples t-tests were performed on variables that were standardized for comparison across age groups.