Table 4.

Colorectal cancer risk associated with increasing dose and duration of antihypertensive agents*

Antihypertensive agent	OR (95% CI) P	OR (95% CI) P
ACE-I/ARB therapy
<3 years	Low dose (<2 DDD) (n = 5155)	High dose (≥2 DDD) (n = 551)
Crude	0.97 (0.87 to 1.08) .59	0.96 (0.71 to 1.29) .80
Adjusted†	0.86 (0.77 to 0.96) .01	0.87 (0.64 to 1.17) .35
≥3 years	Low dose (<2 DDD) (n = 1962)	High dose (≥2 DDD) (n = 431)
Crude	1.00 (0.85 to 1.17) .97	0.60 (0.40 to 0.90) .01
Adjusted†	0.92 (0.78 to 1.08) .29	0.53 (0.35 to 0.79) .003
Calcium channel blocker therapy
<3 years	Low dose (<2 DDD) (n = 7396)	High dose (≥2 DDD) (n = 269)
Crude	0.99 (0.90 to 1.09) .81	1.02 (0.67 to 1.55) .92
Adjusted†	0.88 (0.80 to 0.97) .01	0.91 (0.60 to 1.39) .67
≥3 years	Low dose (<2 DDD) (n = 3667)	High dose (≥2 DDD) (n = 157)
Crude	1.00 (0.88 to 1.14) .99	0.90 (0.51 to 1.59) .71
Adjusted†	0.94 (0.82 to 1.07) .32	0.86 (0.49 to 1.53) .61

* Results were obtained from conditional logistic regression models. All statistical tests were two-sided. ACE-I = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; CI = confidence interval; DDD = defined daily dose; OR = odds ratio.

† Adjusted for average number of doctor visits during follow-up (only variable leading to >10% change in odds ratio).