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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 13.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Microbiol. 2012 Mar 22;20(6):291–298. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2012.02.005

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Proteic Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems encode antitoxin and toxin proteins, with both the antitoxin and the TA complex negatively regulating the TA promoter. The antitoxin is subject to proteolytic degradation by either Lon or Clp proteases, which releases the toxin and allows it to act on its cellular target, resulting in growth inhibition or cell death.