Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Age (years) | Gender | Length of Illness (years) | Length of current episode (months) | Lifetime failed antidepressant trials (SD) | Primary outcome measure(s) | Psychotropic washout period | Concurrent medication | Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Murrough et al. [2013] | 48.1 (±13.0) | 62.5% Female | Not stated | 217.2 (±201.6) | In this episode 6.1 (±3.3) | MADRS | Yes | Nil | MDD, TR |
| Salvadore et al. [2009] | 43.8 (±15.2) | 40% Female | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | MADRS | Yes | Nil | MDD, TR |
| Salvadore et al. [2010] | 50.5 (±13.1) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | MADRS | Yes | Nil | MDD, TR |
| Salvadore et al. [2012] | 50.1 (±10.4) | 36% Female | 28.9 (±14.2) | 158.1 (±179.0) | Not stated | MADRS | Yes | Nil | MDD |
| Price et al. [2009] | 48.2 (±11.8) | 39% Female | Not stated | 100% > 24 | In this episode 6.0 (±4.1) | MADRS | Yes | Nil | MDD, TR |
| Larkin and Beautrais [2011] | 31.1 (±3.4) | 50% Female | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | MADRS, SSI | Not stated | Nil | MDD |
| aan het Rot et al. [2010] | 51.4 (±14.6) | 50% Female | Not stated | 260.4 (±223.2) | 8.2 (±3.4) | MADRS | Yes | Nil | MDD, TR |
| Rasmussen et al. [2013] | 47.2 (±15) | 60% Female | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | MADRS | No | Depressed patients continued on existing antidepressant | MDE (BPAD II/MDD), TR |
| Valentine et al. [2011] | 41.7 (±12) | 60% Female | 21.2 (±17.4) | 39.6 (±51.6) | 2.2 (±1.9) | HDRS | Yes | Nil | MDD |
| Berman et al. [2000] | 37 (±10) | 55.55% Female | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | HDRS | Yes | Nil | MDE (BPAD/MDD) |
| Zarate et al. [2006] | 46.7 (±10.4) | 66.67% Female | 23.7 (±12.5) | 33.6 (±37.4) | 5.7 (±3.4) | HDRS | Yes | Nil | MDD, TR |
| Zarate et al. [2012] | 46.7 (±10.4) | 53.33% Female | 30.6 (±11.2) | 20.9 (±27.5) | 9.7 (±4.3) | MADRS | Yes | Lithium or Valproate | BPAD |
| DiazGrandos et al. [2010b] | 47.9 (±13.1) | 66.67% Female | 27.6 (±11.2) | 15.1 (±13.3) | 7.2 (±4.0) | MADRS | Yes | Lithium or Valproate | BPAD, TR |
| Ibrahim et al. [2012] | 47.2 (±13.0) | 38% Female | 26.4 (±12.8) | 110.0 (±152.0) | Not stated | MADRS | Yes | Nil | MDD |
| Duncan et al. [2012] | 48.06 (±2.34) | 33.33% Female | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | MADRS | Yes | Nil | MDD, TR |
| Mathew et al. [2010] | 48.2 (±11.8) | 39% Female | 291.6 (±195.6) | Not stated | 6.0 (±4.1) | MADRS, QIDS-SR | Yes | Nil | MDD, TR |
| Machado-Vieira et al. [2009] | 43.9 (±13.9) | 39.13% Female | 24.8 (±12.4) | 80.7 (±108.5) | Not stated | MADRS | Yes | Nil | MDD, TR |
| Phelps et al. [2009] | 43.5 (±14.1) | 39% Female | 23.7 (±12.5) | 82.1 (±103.5) | Not stated | MADRS | Yes | Nil | MDD, TR |
| DiazGrandos et al. [2010a] | 49.3 (±13.4) | 40% Female | 28.8 (±11.7) | 92.0 (±123.4) | Not Stated | MADRS | Yes | Nil | MDD |
| Ibrahim et al. [2011] | 46.5 (±10.8) | 41% Female | 25.4 (±10.2) | 99.1 (±108.8) | Not stated | MADRS | Yes | Nil | MDD, TR |
| Loo et al. [2012] | Ketamine: 45.2 (±15.6) Placebo: 41.4 (±12.0) | Ketamine: 50% Female Placebo: 70.83% Female | Not stated | Ketamine: 35.8weeks (±35.8) Placebo: 52.9weeks (±84.0) | In this episode Ketamine: 1.8 (±1.7) Placebo: 2.0 (±1.8) | MADRS | No | 22 remained on antidepressant | MDE, TR |
| Okamoto et al. [2010] | Ketamine: 59.3 (±13.5) Propofol: 55.1 (±15.4) | Ketamine: 55% Female Propofol: 50% Female | Not stated | Ketamine: 33.6 (±25.2) Propofol: 32.4 (±24.0) | Ketamine: 6.5 (±2.7) Propofol: 6.7 (±2.2) | HDRS | Not stated | Nil | MDD, TR |
| Kranaster et al. [2011] | Ketamine: 65.4 (±14.8) Thiopental: 63.8 (±12.4) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | HAMD | Not stated | Nil | MDD, TR |
| Abdallah et al. [2012] | Ketamine: 47.8 (±5.0) Control: 46.5 (±3.3) | Ketamine: 37% Female Control: 50% Female | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | HDRS, BDI | Not stated | Nil | MDD/ BPAD |
| Wang et al. [2012] | Ketamine: 56.2 (±11.5) Propofol: 53.8 (±15.2) Propofol + Ketamine: 58.6 (±16.3) | Ketamine: 50% Female Propofol: 58% Female Propofol + Ketamine: 42% Female | Not stated | Ketamine: 2.3 (±1.6) Propofol: 2.6 (±1.2) Propofol + Ketamine: 2.7 (±1.5) | Not stated | HDRS | Not stated | Nil | MDD |
| Kudoh et al. [2002] | Propofol + Ketamine + Fentanyl: 46.9 (±8.8) Propofol + Fentanyl: 48.2 (±7.4) Control: 46.2 (±10.3) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | HDRS | No | Depressed patients continued on existing antidepressant | MDD |
BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BPAD, bipolar affective disorder; HAMD, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; HDRS, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; IV, intravenous administration; MADRS, Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale; MDD, major depressive disorder; MDE, major depressive episode; QIDS-SR, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology—Self-Report; SSI, Scale for Suicide Ideation; TR, treatment resistant.