Table 2.
Covariate-adjusted, time-varying associations of employment status and depressive symptoms with waist circumference in midlife women (N=2978) across 10 years of follow up.
| Estimate | SE | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Time | 0.51 | .02 | <.0001 |
| Employment status | |||
| Full-time employed | -- | -- | -- |
| Part-time employed | .09 | .11 | .44 |
| Nonemployed | .09 | .13 | .52 |
| Elevated depressive symptomsa | −.26 | .11 | .02 |
| Employment status × depressive symptoms | -- | -- | <.01 |
| Age | .20 | .10 | .04 |
| Study site | |||
| Pittsburgh, PA | -- | -- | -- |
| Detroit area, MI | 5.79 | .97 | <.0001 |
| Chicago, IL | −.38 | 1.01 | .70 |
| Oakland, CA | −.57 | 1.25 | .65 |
| Boston, MA | −.73 | .99 | .46 |
| Newark, NJ | .40 | 1.62 | .80 |
| Los Angeles, CA | −5.54 | 1.23 | <.0001 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | -- | -- | -- |
| African-American | 5.50 | .70 | <.0001 |
| Chinese | −10.53 | 1.38 | <.0001 |
| Hispanic | −.17 | 1.78 | .93 |
| Japanese | −8.24 | 1.32 | <.0001 |
| Menopausal status at SWAN Sleep Study | |||
| Pre-menopausal | −.18 | .12 | .14 |
| Early peri-menopausal | -- | -- | -- |
| Late peri-menopausal | .14 | .13 | .28 |
| Surgical | .06 | .30 | .85 |
| Post-menopausal | .14 | .14 | .32 |
| Undetermined | .15 | .21 | .47 |
| Hormone therapy use | .12 | .17 | .50 |
| Current smoker at baseline | −1.22 | .21 | <.0001 |
| High school education or higher | −2.55 | .67 | <.0001 |
| Income at baseline | |||
| <$35000 | -- | -- | -- |
| ≥$35000 and <$75000 | −.006 | .13 | .96 |
| ≥$75000 | −.07 | .16 | .65 |
| Married or living as married | .40 | .15 | <.01 |
| Alcoholic drinks per week | |||
| 0 | -- | -- | -- |
| >0 and ≤3 | .004 | .11 | .97 |
| >3 | .17 | .17 | .33 |
| Random effect for intercept | 203.7 | 5.71 | <.0001 |
| Random effect for slope of time | 0.30 | 0.02 | <.0001 |
a
Scored ≥16 on the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) Scale.