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. 2013 Nov 21;209(7):1055–1065. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jit621

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Augmented proinflammatory responses to M. tuberculosis in HIV-1–infected macrophages. A, Mean gene expression and fold difference matrices are shown for the most highly enriched gene ontology cluster (Table 1) with differential gene expression in HIV-1–infected and uninfected MDMs after stimulation with M. tuberculosis for 24 hours in 3 independent experiments. B, Luminex analysis of HIV-1–infected MDM culture supernatants also showed significantly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines as well as MMP1 after 72-hour stimulation with M. tuberculosis, compared with HIV-1–uninfected cells. Bars represent mean ± SEM for at least 3 separate experiments (*denotes P < .01, t test). Abbreviations: CCL5, Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IL, interleukin; MDMs, monocyte-derived macrophages; MMP1, matrix metalloproteinase 1; M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; SEM, standard error of measurement; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α.